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Teachings of the Eagle Feather, part 15: Seeing in a Spirit Way

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"Seeing in a Spirit Way"


- Updated: March 11, 2022

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Migizi, Migizi
Ninzhiibendam
Nasawaabide’igong
Gi-ga waabandan zaaga’igan.

(The eagle, the eagle
Patient like him.
From the forks on high
You will perceive a lake.)

- Ojibwe Medicine song for good hunting¹


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Flight of the white-headed eagle 


Boozhoo,

Today, I am pleased to present part 15 of a blog series connecting my jewelry and graphic art as well as artwork by kindred artists with the Seven Grandfather teachings of the Ojibwe Anishinaabe People

These Grandfather Teachings, kept safe for thousands of years by countless generations of Medicine People of the Anishinaabe Peoples, are passed down orally and from the sacred birch bark scrolls that still exist today.

Today's blog story features a drawing, titled "A Prayer for Life," and two ring sets created at my workbench.

 

Migizi, the Bald Eagle, symbolizes in our culture virtues like courage and pre-knowledge and is therefore emblematic of leadership. The Anishinaabeg regard Migizi as gimishoomisinaan (our Grandfather), and a special messenger of GICHI MANIDOO, the Supreme Spirit Being of the Universe. His sacred feathers, which are animated by his vision, strength, and courage, have always been used as offerings and as decorations for ceremonial costumes and regalia. To be given an Eagle feather is one of the greatest honors to receive because it recognizes achievement and great acts or deeds.
 
According to Anishinaabe tradition, Gimishoomisinaan Migizi (Our Grandfather the Bald Eagle) was a long time ago chosen by GICHI-MANIDOO (the Great Mystery) to represent the Teaching of Zaagi’idiwin (Love).
 
The reason for this is that Migizi flies high above the earth and sees all that is true. Since he is closer to GICHI-MANIDOO than any other creature he was touched and even infused by GICHI-MANIDOO's love for all creatures. Our ancestors also understood that Love is the most elusive of all virtues...no other creature is so elusive as this mighty spirit-bird, and love has the same light and airy nature as his feathers...

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A Prayer for Life (Spirit Flight)










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Spirit flight, quest for a life-guiding vision

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GICHI-MANIDOO, after creating Aki, the World, spoke about the importance of mino-bimaadiziwin; living a life according to theSeven Grandfather Teachings.

Gimishoomisinaan Migizi became inspired and told Great Mystery that he, since his feathers symbolized the intermediate region between things of the spirit world and the earth, would like his feather to be gifted to the Anishinaabe person who’s the most brave and guided the most by the Teachings.

Migizi’s generous offer prompted GICHI-MANIDOO thereupon to tell the Anishinaabeg of theTeachings of the Feather. It (GICHI-MANIDOO) instructed the Elders of the Nation about the power of spirit flight and the importance of young adolescents engaging in what would become the most vital of human ventures: waaseyaabindam, the quest for life-guiding visions – particularly during the passage from boyhood into manhood. It (GICHI-MANIDOO) also instructed them that no Eagle be harmed for their feathers, which were manidoog (spirits) in themselves, and that whenever a person saw an Eagle fly overhead, this mighty spirit bird must be honored with tobacco. GICHI-MANIDOO added that any person, no matter what gender or age, living their life according to the Seven Teachings would be gifted with a feather….

As the eagle is anami’ewin mizhinawe, a prayer carrier of messages and giving thanks, healers who belong to the Medicine Lodges of the Anishinaabeg Peoples sometimes envision themselves turning into eagles as they pray for another person and to GICHI-MANIDOO, the Great Mystery, asking the eagle to carry the sickness up to GICHI-MANIDOO in order to heal the patient.

So highly esteemed were its spiritual powers that in the old days, an Anishinaabe person would never gaze up to a flying eagle without offering a prayer with asemaa (the sacred tobacco) in hand!

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Manidoo Waabiwin (Seeing in a Spirit Way) wedding rings
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The inlaid, respectively appliqued, wing feathers of the above sets of silver wedding rings, which I titled Waaseyaabindamowin Miigwan (Vision Feather) and Manidoo Waabiwin (Seeing in a Spirit Way, literally: spirit-seeing), symbolize manidoo (spirit), reminding the wearers of the rings that eagle feathers, regardless if they are from the bald eagle or the golden eagle, have the power to convey human thoughts and feelings and provide persons with an opportuni­ty to speak directly to the spirits out there with debwewin (a straight mind) and bekide'ewin (a pure heart). 

The marquise-cut, sparkling blue sapphire adorning the feather of the Manidoo Waabiwin ladies' ring represents the eagle's vision, emphasizing that he flies high above the earth and sees all that is sacred and true.
 
Click here to view details of the Waaseyaabindamowin Miigwan ring set.
Click here to view details of the Manidoo Waabiwin ring set.

So the story goes...

Giiwenh. So the story goes about the symbolic meaning of the eagle feather. and the phenomenon of ‘‘spirit flight.’’ Miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidaadizookoon. Thank you for listening to me today. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon.

Click here to read the first story in the Teachings of the Eagle Feather series, which centers around a set of wedding rings titled ‘‘Growth is a Mystery.’’

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Images: 

Wedding ring photos by Zhaawano Giizhik.

Illustration"A Prayer for Life (Spirit Flight)" by Zhaawano Giizhik © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

Video editing by ᔦᐊᒪᑌᑕ ᐊᒪᐱᒣ ᑫᓴᐊᓇᒋᓴᒣ (Makade Migizi/Bryce Morison).

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About the author and his sources of inspiration:



Zhaawano Giizhik at Agawa Rock


My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Teachings of the Eagle Feather, part 33: A Flower of Fire

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"A Flower of Fire"


April 5, 2022

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Gold eagle wedding rings titled A Flower of Fire

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NENOOKAASI NAGAMON

(HUMMINGBIRD SONG)

Shkode-waabigonii NimisawinawaaNimisawenimaaNimbamenimaa a’aw ikwe Gaawiin bekaanizid.

Dibishko nenookaasiins Niyaazikawaa Misko-waabigonii Ni ga-aazikaagoon Haw sa.

The Flower of Fire I have my heart set on her I long for her I care for her, that woman I care for no one else.

Like a ruby-throated hummingbirdI will get there first The scarlet flower She will come to my aid Yes she will!

- My personal song to a woman, the love of my life

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Nenookaasi

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Aaniin, boozhoo gakina awiiya ge gidagindaanaawaa igwa. Biindigen!

Hello everyone who reads this. Welcome!

Today’s story is woven around a set of wedding rings created at my workbench, craftfully conceived in the spirit of romance. The title of the ring set, shkode-waabigonii gikinawaaji gizaagiwewin, is Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe) for “A Flower of Fire Symbolizes Our Love.”

In the rings, two evocative design elements, the eagle feather and the cardinal flower, merge into a poetic narrative of love.

Let's first take a look at the cardinal flower or Lobelia cardinalis, which my People call shkode-waabigonii, or "Flower of Fire."At one time this beautiful crimson relative, its sugary blooms home to flocks of butterflies and hummingbirds, was used as a root tea for treating stomachaches, typhoid, and other diseases. It is a hardy, summer-flowering perennial which has brilliant scarlet flower spikes above deep, blue green basal rosette of foliage. Its bloom time is during the moons when miinan (the berries) are ripening, manoomin (wild rice) is harvested, and aniibiishan ( the tree leaves) are turning.*

The gold of the rings the color of the sun represents the warm south, birth place of niibin (summer). The stylized feathers adorning the rings represent the spiritual quality of zaagi’idiwin (love). Zaagi'idiwin is the second Grandfather Teaching passed down through many generations of Anishinaabeg Peoples.   This brings us to the topic of Migizi, the White-headed eagle, and what its feathers mean to us.

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Gold eagle wedding rings titled A Flower of Fire

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The teaching of Zaagi'idiwin tells us to love GICHI-MANIDOO, the Sum of All Mystery, because the very breath of GICHI-MANIDOO is considered the giver of human life. We acknowledge this GICHI-MANIDOO through the act of love, and it is through love of oneself that we express our ultimate love for it. Our ancestors chose Migizi to represent this important teaching because he flies high above the earth and is therefore closer to the Great Mystery than any other creature. Love is the most elusive of all virtues and no other creature is so elusive as this mighty spirit-bird, and love has the same light and airy nature as his feathers.

The sparkling red glow of the marquise-cut ruby stone in conclusion, gracefully mountedon the feather of the ladies’ ring, symbolizes the love fire that, brilliantly scarlet like a cardinal flower, burns simultaneously in the hearts of two partners for life.

The stone's off-center placement on the feather is my artistic reference to the interconnected notions of love and outwardness — which, in turn, are expressed through the verbs zaagi’ and  zaagigi, which respectively mean, “love someone,” and "sprout, grow out." As if the ruby were a summer flower sprouting spontaneously from uncertain beginnings and blossoming into a stunning spectacle of scarlet beauty...

Nahaaw. Mii sa ekoozid. Gimiigwechiwininim gii-izhaayeg omaa igo gaye gii agindameg gakina gegoon gii zhibii’amaan. Abegish ge ga waabaminagog miinawaa ingoding wayeba.

Well, that is the end of today's teaching. I thank you all for coming here as well as for reading this story. I hope to see you all again sometime soon!


Wedding rings image: photo by Zhaawano Giizhik
Hummingbird image: photo by Joshua J. Cotten

*July to September
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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Teachings of the Eagle Feather, part 33 Through the Eagle Feather Will You Speak

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"Through the Eagle Feather Will You Speak"


April 8, 2022

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Eagle Feather wedding rings Through the Eagle Feather Will You Speak

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MY SONG TO THE SPIRIT OF EAGLE

Gigiizhigoongimaani nanaandowadaan
Endazhi dani-dabayaan
Migizi miigwan gigaa Mizhinawe-ig
Gizazaagiwichigan widaa bimise
Gigaa nandagoog migiziwag
Gigaa gikinoowizhigoog migiziwag
Gizhewaadizi Gichi-manidoo.

"I address my voice to the skies
While I sit here
The eagle feather will be your Messenger
Your sacred charm will take flight
The eagles will hear you
The eagles will guide you
The Great Mystery is generous with us."

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Native woodland Art line art drawing by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Boozhoo, aaniin, welcome back into my Storytelling Lodge. Today's story centers around Migizi, the White-headed eagle, commonly known a Bald Eagle. In our tradiition, the feather of a Migizi and Giniw (Golden Eagle) are without any doubt the most important symbol conceivable. But they are more than just that; to us, the feathers are in in themselves bemaadizidjig, living beings; haw sa, they are even looked upon as manidoog, spirits.

In Anishinaabe tradition, the feathers of the Migizi, the Bald Eagle, are regarded as anam'ewin mizhinaweg, prayer carriers of messages and giving thanks. Migizi is known for soaring high in the sky and it is therefore understood that no other creature is closer to the GICHI-MANIDOO (the sum of all spirit; Great Mystery) than this mighty spirit bird. His feathers have the power to convey human thoughts and feelings directly to the Great Mystery; they provide him or her who seeks wisdom and curing with an opportunity to speak with debwewin (a straight mind) and bekide’ewin (a pure heart). 

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MIGIZI MIIGWAN GIGAA-MIZHINAWE-IG EAGLE FEATHER RINGS

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The stylized feathers adorning the above wedding rings symbolize spirit, honesty, and prayer; the sparkling fire of the marquise-cut Swarovski gemstone mounted on the ladies' ring represents the Teachings and the blessings of the Great Mystery that are being reflected back at the person who does the praying.

The stone's off-center placement on the feather is my artistic reference to the interconnected notions of love and outwardness — which, in turn, are expressed through the verbs zaagigi and zaagi’, which respectively mean "sprout, grow out," and “love someone.” As if the gemstone were a summer flower sprouting spontaneously from uncertain beginnings and blossoming into a stunning spectacle of snow white beauty...

Nahaaw. Mii sa ekoozid. Gimiigwechiwininim gii-izhaayeg omaa igo gaye gii agindameg gakina gegoon gii zhibii’amaan. Abegish ge ga waabaminagog miinawaa ingoding wayeba.

Well, that is the end of today's teaching. I thank you all for coming here as well as for reading this story. I hope to see you all again sometime soon!

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Wedding ring set "Through the Eagle Feather You Will Speak."See the website for details of the ring set.
Illustration: "Wenabozho's Prayer" by Zhaawano Giizhik. © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

See the website for more storytelling art by Zhaawano Giizhik.  

Wedding rings photo by Zhaawano Giizhik. © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik
Line art drawing photo by Zhaawano Giizhik © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik. 

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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Teachings of the Eagle Feather, part 35: Spirit of the War Eagle

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"Spirit of the War Eagle"


April 9, 2022

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Ojibwe Spirit of Giniw the Golden War Eagle wedding rings

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MY SONG TO THE SPIRIT OF THE WAR EAGLE


Aaw! Gaa-giniwaash Gebegwaneyaash
Dibishkoo zegaanakwak ziigwang Nindaagawaateshkamaw, nindaagawaateshkamaw
Naanzhakii-manidoobines Gaa-minotaagozid
Omiigwaanse, omiigwaanse
Bamishi giizhigoong, bamishi giizhigoong
Dibishkoo waasamoowin.
Makadewiningwii,
Makadewiningwii,
Omashkikiim, omashkikiim
Ozaawaa-zhooniyaawaande, ozaawinaagozi.
Aaw! Mishi-giniw
Aaw! Gaa-mishiginiwaash
Gaawiin ninzigisi
Gaawiin ninzigisi.
Oh, Black-headed Eagle Flying
Who Is Feathered All The Way Flying
Like a storm cloud in spring
He overshadows me, she overshadows me.
Flying Down Spirit Bird Who Makes A Pleasant Sound
His feather, her feather
Is flying through the sky, is flying through the sky
Like the speed of lightning.
He has black wings,
She has black wings,
His medicine, her medicine
Is colored brown, appears to be gold.
Oh, Mighty Black-headed Bird
Oh, Mighty War Eagle Flying
I am not afraid
I am not afraid.

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Giniw Golden Eagle

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Aaniin, boozhoo gakina awiiya ge gidagindaanaawaa igwa. Biindigen!Hello everyone who reads this. Welcome! Today’s story is woven around a set of silver wedding rings created at my workbench. The title of the ring set, Giniw Manidoo, is Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe) for “Golden Eagle Spirit.”
The ring set depicts the geometrically stylized tail feathers of a golden eagle; the Anishinaabe ancestors called this eagle species alternately war eagle and black-headed eagle. The overlay design is reminiscent of the graphical, minimalist style of the Hopi potters from Arizona - which goes back many centuries - and also of their jewelry-making style, which originated in the 1950s.
To the Hopi, as well as to the Anishinaabeg and all other First peoples of Turtle Island, the feathers of the war eagle represent courage and great inner power. To our ancestors, Gimishoomisinaan Giniw, our Golden Eagle Grandfather, was the protector of Ziigwan, the Springtime Spirit. Traditionally he is the one who watches over all women, particularly those who are in new beginnings.
The abstract feather design of the wedding rings symbolizes the physical as well as spiritual unity of the couple that vows to walk the path of life together. This, along with the distinct, rather dramatic contrast caused by oxidation of the cut-out recesses of the rings, emphasizes the powerful character of the eagle feather symbol, at the same time suggesting a certain inner harmony that beautifully reflects the sacred character of marriage...

Nahaaw. Mii sa ekoozid. Miigwech, giga-waabamin wayiiba: Well, that is the end of today's teaching. Thank you and I hope to see you again soon...

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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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What's Your Doodem, part 4: The Story of Giniw

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"The Story of Giniw"

April 19, 2022

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Injichaag Anaamayi'ii ("My Spirit Underneath") eagle feather wedding rings


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Screeching  the night awayWith his great feathers spreadCatching the darkness up I hear the eagle bird Pulling the blanket back From the East, sleeping still How swift he flies, Bearing the Sun to the morning See how he perches there In the trail of the Eastern sky.

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Boozhoo, aaniin, hello, biindigen miinawaa, welcome again! 

Zhaawano-giizhik nindanishinaabewinikaazowin. Waabizheshi niin indoodem ("I am Zhaawano Giizhik and I belong to the Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) marten clan.") I am an artist who creates jewelryandgraphic art, which I use as illustrations to my blog stories.
This blog story is the 4th already in a series titled What’s Your Doodem, featuring my works of art, sporadically along with those of
kindred artists. Both my stories and my artworks seek to provide an insight into the unique izhinamowin (worldview) of the Anishinaabeg Peoples of Turtle Island.  
Today's story is the story of Giniw, the Spirit of the Golden Eagle. It’s a story about the Golden Eagle Clan of the Anishinaabeg (Ojibweg) and Neshnabé (Bodéwadmik) Peoples.
Why do I want to share this story with you? As I am inspired by the flight of the Golden Eagle, the words and images of the story aspire to breathe acknowledgement of, and gratefulness for, the blessings that our winged relatives to the East bring us each morning when we rise...

As illustrations I used three photo images of the golden eagle and
a pen and ink illustration by myself, as well as an image of a set of white gold eagle feather wedding rings, which I created at my workbench a little while ago. The design of the rings, particularly the inlaid feathers, symbolically reflect the age-old, sacred worldview of my ancestors who lived at Baawitigong, the area around the present city of Sault Ste. Marie on Michigan’s northern peninsula.

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Giniw the Golden Eagle in flight

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Anishinaabe Izhinamowin


Gizhigong is how the gete-ayaa'ag called the Sky World and all of its beings, corporeal as well as incorporeal. In Anishinaabe izhinamowin (our traditional worldview), these aadizookaanag (grandfather-beings, or cosmic spirits; literally: "makers of sacred stories") are symbolized by the the sun, the moon, the stars, and by rain and thunderclouds which represent the physical order of the Sky Lodge/Universe.

Traditionally, another class of Sky Beings is represented by bineshiwag, or taloned birds of prey, which play an important metaphorical role in the world of the Bird Nations. Conceptually, Animikii Binesiwag, the "Thunder Birds," supernatural creators of thunder and lightning, are typically grouped with gegekwag (hawks) and the hawk-related bird species - like, for example, bibiigiwizens or boonose (the sparrow hawk), gekekoons (the pidgeon hawk), the osprey (alternately called migiziwag, michiigigwanegonooji-ginoozhewesiwaggiigoonyikeshiinhyag, and  eshkamegwenhyag) -as well as mizigiwag (bald eagles) and giniwag (golden eagles). The latter, often described as "war eagle" by our ancestors, plays an important role in many a traditional Anishinaabe story as a natural counterpart of the supernatural Thunderbird.

Among the Three Fires Anishinaabeg Peoples, binesiwag, the large bird species such as cranes, hawks, and eagles represent the Ogimaa Doodemag (Leadership Clans). These clans traditionally provide their communities with ogimaag and eshpabidjig (leaders and spokespersons) charged with intertribal and international communication.

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Giniw the Ojibwe War eagle

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The Brown-headed War Eagle as Clan Animal

Aaw! Gaa-giniwaash
Gebegwaneyaash
Dibishkoo zegaanakwak ziigwang
Nindaagawaateshkamaw, nindaagawaateshkamaw 

Naanzhakii-manidoobines Gaa-minotaagozid
Omiigwaanse, omiigwaanse
Bamishi giizhigoong, bamishi giizhigoong
Dibishkoo waasamoowin.
Makadewiningwii,
Makadewiningwii,
Omashkikiim, omashkikiim
Ozaawaa-zhooniyaawaande, ozaawinaagozi.
Aaw! Mishi-giniw
Aaw! Gaa-mishiginiwaash
Gaawiin ninzigisi
Gaawiin ninzigisi.
Oh, Black-headed Eagle Flying
Who Is Feathered All The Way Flying
Like a storm cloud in spring
He overshadows me, she overshadows me.
Flying Down Spirit Bird Who Makes A Pleasant Sound
His feather, her feather
Is flying through the sky, is flying through the sky
Like the speed of lightning.
He has black wings,
She has black wings,
His medicine, her medicine
Is colored brown, appears to be gold.
Oh, Mighty Black-headed Bird
Oh, Mighty War Eagle Flying
I am not afraid
I am not afraid.
-  My personal song to Giniw

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Among the Three Fires Anishinaabeg Peoples, binesiwag, the large bird species such as cranes, hawks, and eagles, represent the Ogimaa Doodemag (Leadership Clans). These clans traditionally provide their communities with ogimaag and eshpabidjig (leaders and spokespersons) charged with intertribal and international communication. Illustration: "Gift of the Sacred Pipe, © 2021 Zhaawano Giizhik.

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The Leadership clans of the Three Fires Anishinaabeg (Ojibweg/Misizaagiwininiwag, Odaawaag, Bodéwadmik)

  • Ajijaak(we) (Crane or "Thunderer"; sometimes described by its metaphorical name Baswenaazhi or "Echo Maker")(Misizaagiwininiwag/Mississaugas, Ojibweg, Odaawaag, Bodéwadmik)
  • Binesi (Ojibweg) or Wamigo (Bodéwadmik) (Thunderbird)
  • (O)migizi(we) (Bald Eagle) (Misizaagiwininiwag/Mississaugas, Ojibweg, Odaawaag, Bodéwadmik)
  • Giniw (Golden Eagle) (Ojibweg, Bodéwadmik)
  • Gekek (Hawk) (Ojibweg, Odaawaag)
  • Bibiigiwizens (Sparrowhawk) (Odaawaag)
  • Makade-gekek(we)/Mkedésh-gékékwa (BlackHawk) (Bodéwadmik)
  • Ashagi (Heron) (Odaawaag)

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In earlier times, the Eagle doodem used to be once one of the smaller Leadership clans in Anishinaabe society - particularly among the Ojibweg and Bodéwadmik. However, the number of Eagle doodem members grew with a growing influx of adoptees during wars with other nations; particularly those whose paternal ancestors were of gichi-mookomaan (Euro-American) descent were assigned to this doodem. Nowadays the combined Eagle clans (Giniw, Migizi) are among the most numerous Anishinaabe odoodemag across Turtle Island (the North American continent).

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Giniw the Golden eagle

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The Brown-headed War Eagle as Protector, Visionary, and Prayer Carrier

From of old, Giniw is Omishoomisimaa (a Grandfather) who is looked upon by the Anishinaabeg Peoples as protector of Ziigwan, the spring Time Spirit of the East, and as a spirit that watches over all women of the Nation. He represents closeness to GICHI-MANIDOO, the Great Mystery...Giniw is honored for his vision as he sees the inclusive whole.

Like Migizi the bald eagle, he is the prayer carrier and messenger of the Anishinaabeg. As he soars across the skies, one knows he is carrying the prayers to the Great Mystery.

Carrying an eagle feather is a sacred act among our Peoples - this includes the Anishinaabeg, the Ininewak (Cree), Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Oceti Cakowin (Sioux), Dine' (Navajo), Hopi, and many more tribes and Nations from across our Turtle Island.

Traditionally, to be given a feather from Gimisoomisinaan Giniw (Our Grandfather the Golden Eagle) is the highest honor one can receive. It must be given only to those who have earned it, and it must never be taken by force. It comes along with great responsibilities.

In some Western communities (such as Mikinaakwajiw-ininiwag, the North Dakota based Turtle Mountain "band of Chippwea Indians") the war eagle is honored as oshkaabewis (ceremonial helper) of the Thunderbird in the Sun Dance ceremony. It is said that the power of its feather comes directly from the Thunderbirds themselves; a person who is worthy of wearing an eagle feather must therefore acknowledge that he is recognized by the Animikii Binesiwag themselves as being fit and able to use their formidable spirit powers...

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Eagle feather wedding rings Native American style

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Symbolism of the wedding rings

This wedding ring set, titled "My Spirit Underneath," is constructed of a sleek and modern overlay design of 14K white and red gold. The rings, which are inlaid with a feather symbol, distinguish themselves by a minimal design, their sober yet warm white-on-red tones creating a story of beauty and wonder.

The rings, symbolizing the golden eagle, and, in a deeper sense, matter and outward manifestation, reveal, in the shape of the recessed eagle feather, the ojichaagoma (soul or inner power) of two partners-for-life. The red gold interiors of the rings subtly show through the openings in the white gold exteriors.

The eagle feathers of white gold represent the spirit and the far vision of Giniw, the golden war eagle, powerful grandfather and spirit keeper of the East who carries our thoughts and prayers to GICHI-MANIDOO and who teaches us the virtues of courage, vision, and clarity of the mind.

The straight cannelure of red gold that runs parallel with the inlaid eagle feather depicts tghe inner, or spiritual if you like, journey that the owners of the ring set take together on mino misko manidoo-miikana, the good red road - the spiritual road that ideally leads to mino-bimaadiziwin, a better life for one self and each other and, eventually, for the People and the generations to follow.

The way I see it, the clean and minimalistic design of these eagle feather rings is a contemporary stilistic statement of beauty and design that may be at first sight Western-oriented. Yet at the same time the eagle feather symbol and the bright white color of the ring exteriors reflect the power of the eagle as well as the spirit of wisdom of giiwedinong-mitigwaakiing nindaayaanikaaj mishoomisag: my Ojibwe ancestors from the northwoods. I wanted the rings to be a stylish synthesis between Gete-anishinaabe izhinamowin (the old worldview) and contemporary design, and I wanted them to be a heart-felt prayer and to speak eloquently of pure form, as well as of a time of wisdom and harmony.

Haw sa, it is my hope that the design and the story of the rings guide the future owners of the rings to the lessons that they both seek while together walking the Path of Life and, eventually, bring them both closer to the teachings of the eagle feather - and, ultimately, through thse lessons, through ceremony and reflection, to GICHI-MANIDOO, the Great Mystery that lives in everything the world and the Great Sky Lodge is made of.

Giiwenh. That's how far the story goes. Thank you for reading and listening.

Miigwechiwendan akina gegoo ahaw! Be thankful for everything.

>See the website for details of the wedding rings

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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Star Stories, part 21: A Celestial Love Affair

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Ojibwe Star Map print A Celestial Love Affair

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Ishpiming Zaagi'idiwin (A Celestial Love Affair)

Early risers this moon have been treated to an incredible and rare spectacle – an ishpiming zaagi'idiwin or "celestial union": the almost perfect alignment of four akiwag (planets) in the night sky. But it's not over yet! In the early hours of the 30th sunrise of the Sugarbushing Moon (April) we'll have the chance to see Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki (Venus)* and Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki (Jupiter)* become one - as they appear to move incredibly close together from our vantage point. The intermingling of Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki and Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki, which will last only two days, will make the akiwag appear to 'almost collide.' The two celestial bodies are among the brightest objects currently present in the night sky. In fact, the two akiwag will get so close in the night sky that they'll seem to merge into one giant, glowing mass to the naked eye.

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Position of Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki and Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki on 30 April

Those with zhiibaa'aabanjiganan (binoculars or a telescope) will be able to make out the two akiwag more distinctly. The akiwag will be 0.2 degrees apart at their closest approach – a little less than the angular distance of waawiyezi-dibik-giizis (a full moon).
The spectacle will be visible again in the dawn hours of the first sunrise of Zaagibagaa-giizis (Budding Moon; the Month of May), but the position of the akiwag will be reversed. The akiwag aren't actually close to each other at all – their orbits will simply appear to line up from our view of the night sky here on Earth. The planets will actually be 430 million miles (690 million km) apart – more than four times the distance between Omizakamigokwe (the Earth) and Giizis (the Sun). (If anything actually got close enough to 'nearly collide' with Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki it would more than likely be pulled into the gas giant's orbit along with its 79 known moons – the largest of which is bigger than Oshkaabewis (Mercury)*) This apparent 'merging' of Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki and Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki is the second conjunction we've seen this moon, after Akwaabikizid Aki* and SaturnDitibininjiibizon Gitigaanii Aki* lined up at the start of the Sugarbushing Moon.
However, neither of these two conjunctions rival the 'Great Conjunction' between Saturn and Venus that we witnessed at the end of 2020.


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Ishpiming Zaagi'idiwin Star Map detail

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How to see the conjunction

Just like the planetary alignment of Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki (Venus), Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki (Jupiter), Akwaabikizid Aki (Mars),* and Ditibininjiibizon Gitigaanii Aki (Saturn)* we saw this past week, to view the conjunction between Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki and Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki, you'll need to wake up early. The two akiwag will be most visible in the hour before dawn, looking toward waabanong (the east). "Venus" will be at magnitude -4, and "Jupiter" will be shining at magnitude -2.1. The full moon, by comparison, shines at -12.7. (But the event coincides with a new moon, so it will hardly be visible.) Major planetary alignments like this one, visible to the human eye, are extremely rare, and have only occurred three times since 2005, so you don't want to miss it... ______________________________________________________________ *Gichi Ogimaa Waasamod Aki ("Great Chief Lightning Planet") = Jupiter *Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki ("the Bright Planet That Spins Backwards") = Venus *Akwaabikizid Aki ("It-Is-a-Certain-Length-Planet") = Mars *Ditibininjiibizon Gitigaanii Aki ("Ring Around the Garden Planet") = Saturn *Oshkaabewis ("The Sun's Ceremonial Helper") = Mercury ______________________________________________________________ Click here to read more about Jupiter Click here to read more about Venus Click here to read more about Mars Click here to read more about Saturn Click here to read more about Mercury


Illustration: Ishpiming Zaagi'idiwin ("A Celestial Union"), digipainting by Zhaawano Giizhik. © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik. 15,748 x 23,622 in (40 x 60 cm) wall prints are soon available! > Visit the website to see more prints

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Star Stories, part 22: Gift of the Water Drums

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"Niimitamaan and the Gift of the Water Drums"

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Woodland Art painting by Zhaawano Giizhik titled Ceremony of the Water drums

Mitigwakikoog Manidookewin ("Ceremony of the Water Drums") ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik


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"If you want to know the answer to the biggest question of all — the question of our cosmic origins — you have to petition the universe itself, and listen to what it tells you. We, the Anishinaabeg, have the water drums so we can ask these questions in search for answers."
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Part 1: The Origin of the Grandfather Water Drum

Many strings of life ago there lived a young man at a place called ikinaakwajiw (Turtle Mountain; pronounce; mik-ih-nuck-wah-CHEW). His name was Nimitamaan (pronounce: nih-mih-tum-awn. The literal meaning of the name is “bowsprit”; metaphorically, it means “Navigator," or “He-Who-Sits-in-Front-of-a-Canoe”). 

Nimitamaan's Peoplelived in times of turmoil and distress. A terrible war with a neighboring tribe had brought catastrophic suffering and now a great famine had struck the land. All the old Elders of his community had died, leaving behind only young people like himself! This made Nimitamaan’s People worry since no one knew what to do without the experience of the Elders. Who was going to help them, especially now, when knowledge and healing were needed the most?

Nimitamaan, who – as his name suggested - had a curious and helpful nature, decided he wanted to do something to make life better for his People. He decided to seek answers through seclusion and fasting. After a seven day-walk in northern direction he found a cave nestled in a mountain overlooking a big lake.

In this cave he fasted for four days and night, but no answer came. Weakened from the fast and disappointed Nimitamaan left the cage and wandered aimlessly in the deep forest of spruce and cedars that lay at the foot of the mountain.

Then, the following night as he walked into an open glade lit by the light of the moon, he finally had the vision he had been looking for. In this vision he met another man, who seemed about the same age as himself. He wore an eagle feather in his hair, which made him look like an ogimaa (chief). With a shock, Nimitamaan realized he even looked like him, haw sa, like two drops of water even! A strange light flashed from this man’s pitch-black eyes and his narrow lips parted in something that looked like a smile. “Aaniin niijikiwenh!” the stranger greeted in a deep voice and with a raised palm, “aandi ezhaayan?” Hello, my friend! Where are you going?” After both men had exchanged the usual courtesies, Nimitamaan told the stranger, who introduced himself by the name ofAsin (“Stone”), that the Elders of his tribe had all died and that his People needed help.  

Asin, listening attentively, nodded, and said that he would try to help him. He told Nimitamaan to wait and walked away. After a few moments he returned with a round vessel and handed it to Nimitamaan. Awegonen o'owe, niikaan? Nimitamaan asked. “What is this, my brother?” Asin explained to him that it was a nibiiwakik (pronounce nih-BEE-wah-KICK, a pail crafted from the hollowed-out trunk of wiigobimizh, a basswood tree) and that inside the nibiiwakik was B’he Waaboo (“Medicine Water”; pronounce: b'HEH-waa-boo). This B’he Waaboo, he said, is nothing short of the heartbeat of Ninga Aki, Our Mother Earth. Nimitamaan shook his head in disbelief, after which the stranger told him to look inside the nibiiwakik and see for himself!

Nimitamaan, still not convinced, mumbled aanish gaye goda (“alright then”) andlooked inside the pail, which was indeed filled with nibi (water). Then, to his surprise, he saw something rise to the surface of the water that at first sight looked like a bubble - but when he looked closer, the bubble appeared to be a miigis (seashell)! Before he could blink twice, however, the miigis sank back to the bottom, only visible as a vague dot floating and shimmering beneath the surface of the water. Puzzled, he looked at Asin. Inaabin miinawaa!“Look again!” the latter said, “What do you see?” As Nimitamaan looked again he saw the reflection of his face (or was Asin’s face?) in the still water. “I see the reflection of myself, and a white dot, which looks like a …” Nimitamaan had not finished his sentence, when a hollow sounding voice sounded from the bottom of the pail, and it spoke to him as follows:

Inaabin onda'ibaaning noozis.

Gaawiin gii-waabandanziin gimazinaatebiigishinowin.

Giiwaabandaan igiwe aazha gaapime ayaawaad.


“Look into the well my grandson.

The image you see in the water is not yours.

What you see is the reflection of those who came before you.”

Nimitamaan stood frozen to the spot, not believing his ears. Still in shock, he then heard a thundering voice, which seemed to come from the sky. Ishke naa! Waabam Ishpeming!“Look! Look up!” the voice said.

As he looked up, Nimitamaan saw the reflection of the white dot in the water twinkle in the night sky. Impressed as he was, he sang a song:

Oonh waabishkisewasin
Aaniin, awegonen wenji-izhi-ayaayan

Chi-ishpiming akiing dago
Dibishkoo waaban-anang ishpiming giizhigong

Oohn waabishkisewasin
Aaniin, awegonen wenji-izhi-ayaayan!  

Oh shining stone

How I wonder what you are

Up above the world so high
Like the evening star in the east

Oh shining stone
How I wonder what you are!”)

When he was done chanting, he turned to his companion, but then, tayaa! he noticed six other young men had joined him! A gichi-jiimaan (large canoe) stood on its end against a tree. This puzzled Nimitamaan since there was no water nearby! How had they gotten here? The men all looked like Asin; they had the same strange light in their eyes and they wore an eagle feather in their hair.

Aandi wenjibaayag?“Where do you come from?” Nimitamaan asked them, “We came from the stars and have come to help you,” he was told. Haw dash, waabam gizhigong miinawaa, they said, “well now, look up into the sky again!”

As Nimitamaan looked up again, he noticed directly overhead a group of seven bright stars which formed a circular pattern resembling the pail in front of him! He looked back at the seven men who sat in a semi-circle before him; then, tayaa! to his astonishment, he noticed they had changed into akiwenziiwag (old men)! Their calm and dignified demeanor was clearly that of ogimaag (chiefs)!

After a campfire was lit a pipe was filled and shared among them. For four days Nimitamaan sat with the seven ogimaag at the campfire, during which they taught him chants and medicines and rituals for warding off sickness and death. This, they told Nimitamaan, would protect his People against sickness and bring them game. Next, they gave him the Niizhwaaswi Gagiikwewinan, or "Seven Sacred Teachings," a set of guidelines to live by in order to achieve moral integrity in life. After all, they explained, a long and happy life is not attained by knowledge of plant and healing and by going into ceremony alone! A full life is not to be obtained by knowledge of cure and ritual, but by living a good life!

On the evening of the fourth day, they toldNimitamaanto rest, and at daybreak to pick up the pail filled with the b’he waaboo, wrap it in a bearskin, and return to his village. “Once you return home, you must build a madoodoowigamig (sweat lodge) and perform the cleansing ritual. Returning to the state of a child in his mother’s womb will remind you of your and your People’s origin, where you came from. Make sure seven madoodoowasiniig (sweat lodge stones) are properly heated in a fire that is placed to the east of the lodge.The Grandfathers and spirit-helpers are thus awakened in the stones. These seven rocks are the Grandfathers that live in the sky. They are us. Remember that! When the Grandfathers are welcomed into the lodge and the space is completely sealed off so that no light and air can enter, place them in a hole at the center of the lodge before you add nibi (water) and giizhik aniibiishan (cedar leaves) to produce the cleansing steam and purifying scent. When you sit in the madoodoowasiniig remember that sitting and sweating there in the dark is like being in your mother’s womb; at the same time, try to envision yourself being in the night sky, protected by the manidoog (spirits) that dwell there. The Grandfather stones will be the only light source in the dark; they will be like the Seven Stars in the sky at night. Then, once the manidoog tell you the ceremony is over, you will be like a newborn baby coming out of its mother’s womb and, at the same time, like a reborn soul returning to earth from its celestial source among the stars. Once you leave the madoodoowasiniig, crawling on hands and feet into the daylight from the east, you will be fully reborn, and ready to fulfill the most sacred of tasks.”

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Mitigwakik

Artist's impression of Omishoomisam Mitigwakik, the Grandfather Water Drum. A miigis (sacred sea shell) sits on the drum top. A drumstick and a pipe lean against the Drum. The singer/petitioner is communing with the spirits while beating a Thunderbird hand drum. ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.  
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“Next,” noozis,” the ogimaag continued, “you must attend to nibiiwakik, the water drum. Make sure it is still filled with a layer of the sacred nibi (water). Then stretch a wet deer hide on top of the pail and secure it with a willow hoop. The nibiiwakwik will thus become a mide-mitigwakik: a medicine “hollow log” water drum. Never forget to keep it in a bearskin casing. Then, look for a turtle shell and construct a zhiishiigwan (rattle), and look for wood in order to make a dewe’iganaatig (drumstick). Once the zhiishiigwan is filled with shoot and the dewe’iganaatig is finished, shake the zhiishiigwan and the spirits will listen. Next, hold the dewe’iganaatig in your right hand and start pounding the membrane of the mitigwakik.”

After a brief pause, the seven Sky Chiefs explained that the revitalizing sound the mitigwakik produces when struck imitates the soft and steady heartbeat of the earth. ”Its sound will remind the anishinaabeg (human beings) of their mother's heartbeat that surrounded them when still inside her womb. But remember! The mitigwakik itself is not to be looked upon as an object of worship, but a spiritual messenger that voices the collective prayers of the Anishinaabeg to the world of the spirits.” Next,the seven old chiefs told him that the mitigwakik was a Great Chiefs’ drum, and that they could help him. “You were given the gift of consciousness to help you learn, trough the mitigwakik and other items, what you need for your life on earth,” they added. Only the drum and the rattle possess the special tones that gain the attention of the spirits who live beneath the earth and among and beyond the stars. Only the sound of the mitigwakik and the zhiishiigwan can transform your petitions into the language of the spirits who dwell above and below and beyond. Whenever you pound the water drum and shake the rattle and chant the sacred songs, we will hear your prayers from where we live in the sky - as we are the seven stars that shine straight above you.”

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Ishpiming Madoodiswan bracelet

Ishpiming Madoodiswan ("Sweat Lodge in the Sky") bracelet of sterling silver, mounted with turquoise and red corals.

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Next, the Sky Chiefs gave Nimitamaan a bracelet made of zhooniyaa, the sacred silver from the depths of the Great Ojibwe Lake. The bracelet was adorned with three silver objects representing eagle feathers and a stone the color of the blue sky, crowned by seven red corals - which, they explained, came from the rocky bottom of a faraway sea in the east. “You shall wear the bracelet which has the shape of the Sweat Lodge in the night sky,” the Chiefs told him, “as a reminder of the Teachings that we passed on to you today”.

Nimitamaan put the shiny bracelet around his wrist, and as he was admiring its beauty, a bright white light blinded him; when he opened his eyes the seven ogimaag were gone. Looking up, he noticed in the far distance the large canoe that had sat in the open glade only a moment ago, and in it he discerned seven shadows of men, whom he supposed were the chiefs, returning to their abode among the uncountable stars that dotted the night sky.

At sunrise Nimitamaan packed his belongings and undertook the long journey back to the Turtle Mountain, which was where his People lived. Once there, he built a Sweat Lodge for purification, and made sure to arrange the stones used for making steam were arranged in the same pattern as that of the seven stars in the night sky. Next, he started to construct the Chiefs’ Drum and the drumstick and the Turtle Shell rattle according to the instructions that the seven Sky Spirits had given him.

When he came out of ceremony, Nimitamaan took the drum and the drumstick and the rattle to the Midewigaanan (Medicine Lodges) of his People. After he had lit his pipe and shared it with those who were present that day, he taught them the chants and medicines and rituals that the Seven Sky Chiefs had given to him and explained to them the Seven Grandfather Teachings. He showed them the silver bracelet and explained how it represented the lodge of the seven sky Chiefs. Next, he opened the bear skin bundle and took out the rattle and the water drum and demonstrated to them the proper custody of the drum. He told them that the seeds inside the rattle, which remind us of the first sound that we hear in the early morning when plants pop, symbolize the creation of the Universe. Next, he explained to them that the water drum that sat before them encased in a bear hide was a drum of Chiefs; that these seven Chiefs had lived on earth in a distant past before they ascended to the stars. He explained that these Chiefs lived in the seven stars that resembled a Sweat Lodge or a Thunderbirds’ nest, and that sounding the drum and the rattle and chanting the sacred songs would connect the Anishinaabeg with these stars; the Sky Chiefs would hear them through the drum and rattle and the singing and help them to know what they wanted to know. The throb of the sacred water drum, he said, “will cause the sky to brighten up and the water to be calm for the person who carries the drum…”

Nimitamaan refilled his pipe and lit it carefully. At length he puffed a cloud of smoke and continued his teaching.

“Our life on earth is a reflection,” he said, “like the reflection that I saw when I looked into the water drum that the Sky Chief Being named Asin gave me, when I had my vision in the glade in the deep forest. It made me realize that the water drum and the rattles and other ceremonial items are earth things for us to use for communication with these sacred Beings in the star world…” Again, he was silent for a while and smoked his pipe with eyes closed, caught up in deep thought. Suddenly he opened his eyes, looked around the circle of listeners and said with a voice that sounded clearer than ever: “My People! These Seven Sky Beings obviously left a trail or path for us to follow when it is time for us to leave this world and take our spiritual journey to Jiibay-miikana, the River of Souls, toward waakwi, where our ancestors wait for us to return!”

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Anishinaabe Woodland art painting "The Journey"

Babaamaadiziwin ("The Journey"), ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik
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He added that from that day on, by looking up in the night sky during the spring and summer moons, the Grandfather water drum can be seen in the night sky as the Sweat Lodge constellation, and that each of its seven stars symbolized the stones that were being used in the Sweat Lodge ceremony. “But when the summer is over and the tree leaves turn red,” he added,” the stones of the Sweat Lodge can be seen, throughout the fall and winter, in the seven stars of the Bagonegiizhig (Hole in the Sky; the star cluster called Pleiades on Western star maps). In midwinter, when the Bagonegiizhig crosses the sky during the night, then gleams over the west-northwest sky before dawn, we will be reminded of the origin of the big Chief water drum and where our origins as human beings lie.”

He concluded by saying:” My People! Regardless of if it is spring, summer, fall, or winter, when we step out of our wiigiwaanan at night and look up, these two seven-star formations, these sacred shiny lodges in the sky, will remind us of the sweat lodge and the water drum and where we, as anishinaabeg, came from. It is where we go for remembrance and for comfort, hope, and healing!”

Hereupon the men and women of the Midewigaanan accepted the Teaching of the Grandfather Chief water drum and the rattle and began to use the drum and the rattle, and use their voices as medicine prayers. No ceremony was held without the water drums and the rattles; no ritual was performed without the cleansing medicine plant called ookomisan giizhik ("grandmother cedar"), which gave the People their centralism of their clans and lodges. From that day on the drum was treated as “Omishoomisimaa”: a Grandfather. The drum was treated with the greatest care and according to elaborate codes of respect.  

Crafted of the wood of wiigibiish (basswood), its rawhide skin stretched over the drumhead provided by a deer or an otter, its base gifted by the turtle, its rag wrap coiled around the rim contributed by snake, the water drum was “clothed” with bear hides and blankets, regularly purified with smoldering mashkodewashk (sage) and giizhik aniibiishan (cedar leaves), thanked with offerings of asemaa (tobacco), and feasted at gatherings of the community. One of the names that came in use for the water drum was mide-gwakik (“sacred vessel”; pronounce: mi-DEH-gwah-KICK); another name was mide-dewe'igan: literally: "the sacred instrument that makes the sound of the heart; pronounce: mi-DEH-day-WEH-ih-gun."  

And the young man named Asin, whom Nimitamaan met in the forest and who changed back into an old Chief just before he returned to his abode in the star world? What more can be said about him? Was his part played out as soon as he and the six other Ogimaag returned to the seven-star constellation that has the shape of a Water Drum? I like to think not.

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The Journey, digipainting by Zhaawano Giizhik - detail

"The Navigator"©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik
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As I see it, both Nimitamaan (whose name refers to the bow of a canoe) and his celestial counterpart Asin (whose name means “stone,” a metaphorical reference to the stars) were nimitama'amowininiwag, or “guides.” In a metaphorical sense, they both put themselves in the front of a canoe to show the way in remote or difficult places. In this particular context it is easy to imagine Asin as the poler who stands in front of the celestial canoe that takes the jiibayag (souls) of deceased humans toward their final destination among the stars. Just as the nibi waabo (sacred water) that forms a layer in the Great Chief Drum creates the instrument’s reverberating sound, Asin’s canoe is carried to the star world by the Universal Water that is the Jiibay Ziibi, the River of Souls nowadays often called “Milky Way”…

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Seven Grandfathers

Babaamaadiziwin ("The Journey"), detail ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik

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And the protagonist of the story, Nimitamaan, whose name means “Navigator Who Sits In Front of a Canoe”? What more can be said about him?

Thanks to him, the Grandfather Chief Drum (alternately called Mitigwakik, Midegwakik, and Mide-wewe’igan, and, in a ritual context, “Gimishoomisinaan,” or “Our Grandfather,”) became an essential part of Ojibwe spiritual belief and practice …Thanks to Nimitamaan, we were gifted with Medicine and ritual and with the Seven Grandfather Teachings. And thanks to him there is no ceremony without the Drum! This is why still today someone who, through the aid of the Omishoomisimaa Water Drum communes with the Seven Stars, is called a “nimitamaan.”

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Artist's impression of a Little Boy Water Drum ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik
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But wait, before I forget: the Grandfather Drum did not come alone! There is also a smaller water drum, called Gwiiwizens or “Little Boy,” (see the image above, my artist impression of a Little Boy drum guarded by two miigisag, sacred shells) which serves as the Grandfather’s helper. In a ritual context, the little Boy water drums are looked upon as oshkaabewisag (helpers) to the grandfather water drum.

The little water drum used in Midewiwin ceremonies is often said to have come from the Sun. But like the Big Grandfather, the Little Drum, too, relates to the Madoodiswan (Sweat Lodge constellation).

We know now that the Mitigwakik or Mide-wewe’igan is the Grandfather, or Chief water drum. The boy in the above story, called Nimitamaan, “He Who Navigates a Canoe,”gave us the water drum, which is associated with both the Sweat Lodge on earth and the 7-star Sweat Lodge constellation in the sky. For this reason, up until today a pail of water passed around in the Sweat Lodge represents the Grandfather water drum.

The B’he, or nibi, the water that is in both the Grandfather Drum and the Little Boy drum, symbolize a lake. This water, which gives the drums their sound, is obtained from a spring – which we see as the womb of Mother Earth. The sound of the drums is the sound of our Mother’s heartbeat and it carries the thoughts or prayer songs to the Mide Manidoog (Spirits presiding the Medicine Lodge) and to seven grandfathers in the night sky (the Sweat Lodge/Northern Crown constellation). And even today we call the drummer, the one who steers the vessel (which is the water drum) in order to invoke the presence of the spirits and the stars, “Nimitamaan,” after the young man who traveled great distances and was given the water drum, along with a gift of a ceremony, to help his People.

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Part 2: The Origin of the Little Water Drum

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The Ojibwe story of Nimitamaan and the Gift of the Water Drums

Mitigwakikoog Miinigoziwin ("Gift of the Water Drums") ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

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We know now that the Anishinaabeg use two different types of water drums in the Midewiwin Lodge: the Grandfather (Chief) Water Drum and the Little Boy Water Drum. Both water drums help the Mideg to do their work and guide them in their spiritual journey. The Grandfather drum can be recognized by the hoop (often wrapped in cloth or – originally – in snake skin) placed at the top of the drum. Traditionally, the carriers of the Little Boy water drum, which is a smaller version of the Grandfather drum, tell their individual story as they tie their drum and finish their story when they untie it. Instead of a hoop, seven round stones are used to tie down the drumhead; the stones, which represent the earth, the Seven Grandfather Teachings, and the seven stones of the Sweat Lodge, are laced into the deer hide strips that hold the drum skin in place. The way that the cordage is tied typically creates a star pattern on the bottom of the drum; this of course, is a reference to the Sweat Lodge constellation in the night sky.

The Midewiwin Lodge is presided over by the Spirit of the Midewiwin called Mide Manidoo, in the form of the Grandfather Water Drum. The Grandfather is supported by Oshkaabewis, his ceremonial helper, often called theLittle Boy Water Drumin reference to the origin story of the Midewiwin, about a bear who descended from the Sun and, in the shape of a little boy, remained for some time among the Anishinaabeg to teach them the mysteries of the Midewiwin..

You will find my version (or rather: one of several versions) of the story of the Little Boy Drum inThe Boy Who Came from the Sun.

Geget sa go, according to Midewiwin belief, the sound of the Grandfather drum, whose pulsating sound reaches far and corresponds with the voices and the heartbeat of the Universe, “causes the sky to brighten up and the water to be calm for the person who carries the drum.” But the Little Boy drum, although smaller in size, is just as important, spiritually as well as symbolically. The Little Boy's voice is omnipresent and omnipotent. Its deep, dull echo with his firm tone resonates through every fiber and bone and creates harmony in the spirits of those who are open to it. The Little Boy, whose membrane is traditionally stretched over one or both open ends of a hollow log (or kettle) with the aid of seven small round stones, stands for Life. So important is this small water drum that it is said that to be a true Mide (practitioner of Midewiwin ceremonies) is to know Gwiiwizens, the Little Boy…

Besides thestory of how the Sun gave the Anishinaabeg the Little Boy water drum, another, less well-known but equally beautiful tale was related to me by my friendfrom Mikinaakowajiing. The following narration is my own version of my friend’s story. It is a tapestry of various traditional Ojibwe tales and strands of my own dreams and imagination woven through it.

Many summers passed since Nimitamaan hadacquired help from the Seven Stars using the Grandfather Water Drum they gave him. He had started a family and became a father, then a grandfather. Dash maajiikamig, but alas! His People, despite the water drum and gift of the Teachings of Medicine and Healing that he had brought them, had started to neglect the teachings and the care for the Grandfather drum. Eventually, the Great Chief Grandfather Drum fell silent. Nimitamaan foresensed that soon his People would enter another cycle of sickness, misery, anddeath, and he knew that without a very powerful Medicine they would soon become extinct.

 
And so it happened. Many Elders got ill and died, followed by an increasing number of infants and children, including most of Nimitamaan’s grandchildren. When his last grandson fell ill, the old man, grief-stricken, decided he had to do something. Once again, like he had done in his younger years, he went on a quest to seek answers…  

After a fast that lasted four days and nights, Nimitamaan dreamed of a large round black stone whose top was lined with a grove of cedar and willow trees and whose steep walls had magic paintings on it. In his vision, he saw that the stone sat in a bay, and he imagined it would give him access to the power and the medicine that he needed to cure his grandson. A makade-makwa (black bear) who circled around the Sun and then, in the form of a gwiiwizens (boy), descended to the earth appeared in the dream, and it told him to go out and follow its tracks. The boy told him his tracks would lead him to the edge of a shore east of the Turtle Mountain where his People lived. The name that this black stone was known by to his People was Memegwesi-waabikong: the Rock of the Little Bank Dwellers. The boy instructed him that once he found this place, he must collect seven perfectly round pebbles of the black volcanic rock that abounded the area…

On the morning of the following day, Nimitamaan, carrying his bundle and a wiigwaasi-jimaan(birchbark canoe) on his back, set foot in eastern direction and followed the tracks of the bear he had seen in his dream. After seven weeks of walking the earth and canoeing uncountable waterways, hoowah! his eyes beheld a truly beautiful scenery. Volcanic rocks, painted with numerous mysterious images of red ocher, and a multitude of scarlike slopes alternated with pretty beaches of colored sand, isolated caves, and countless coves and caverns…

Nimitamaan, who had gained wide recognition among his People as a Shaking Tent Seer and a Manao, or Healer who obtains his Medicine from the Memegwesiwag, intuitively knew that the magic place he had just encountered held the answer he had been looking for. When he drew his canoe ashore, he noticed bear paw imprints in the sand, which he assumed belonged to the sun bear/boy from his vision! The tracks pointed to the rock that he had seen in his dream, and which sat in the middle of an inlet. He intuitively understood it was the dwelling place of the Memegwesiwag, those mischievous, child-sized bank dwellers he had seen in his dreams and visions in his long life as a Medicine man!

It happened to be a warm spring day, and the water of the bay was as placid as a mirror. A soft breeze rustled gently through the spiky needles of the pine trees surrounding the water. Nothing indicated that the Mishibizhiw, whom Nimitamaan knew lto lurk somewhere close beneath the water surface, was awake.

After he had sat for a while on the beach in deep thought and smoking his pipe, he got up and collected seven perfectly round, shiny black pebbles, like the boy in his dream had told him to and put them in his medicine pouch. Next, he pulled his jiimaan into the water. The faint sound of a drum wafted across the bay, and he imagined it to be the sound of a water drum!

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Woodland Art line drawing Nimitamaan at the Place of the Black Rock

"Nimitamaan at the Thunder Rock Searching for Medicine"©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

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Carefully, as not to wake up the underwater spirits, he steered his jiimaan toward makade-animikii-waabikong, the black thunder rock from his dream. He drew as near to the rock as he could, – he ears filled with an increasing pulsing sound that seemed to come from deep inside it – and that was when he noticed on the rock’s surface, just above the waterline, an image of a Thunderbird and the seven stars of the Sweat Lodge constellation, painted in bright red ocher! His heart skipped a beat! “Hoowah!” he said to himself as he looked at the image, those Memegwesiwag sure possess gichi-Binesi Mashkiki (great Thunderbird Medicine)! I must have that mashkiki so I can cure my grandson’s illness and save my People from extinction!”

But then, suddenly, tayaa! coming from his left, Nimitamaan heard an ominous sound that resembled the angry, hissing sound of a wounded mountain lion, and suddenly his jiimaan started to rock on waves created by the slashing of a long spirally tail! It was covered by copper scales that shot out of the water like an eel! The tail sped through the air at alarming speeds…it was Mishibizhiw, the horned reptile that guarded the waters of the bay, angry at the intrusion of the brazen Medicine Man from Turtle Mountain!

Nimitamaan, whose canoe nearly capsized in the flood that ensued, managed to draw his gashkibidaagan (tobacco pouch) that was attached to his belt, and, his heart racing, he reached for a few handfuls of asemaa(tobacco) to pacify the raging spirit cat that now swam underneath his canoe. Mii go gichi-wiiyagaaj, but alas, although he was an expert canoeist, he failed to open his pouch in time! The waves, that rolled and surged against the rocks and cliffs with a noise like thunder, carried his canoe further and further away from the painted rock that was now - although it was still broad daylight - covered by pitch-black darkness!

Then, as he was struggling to keep his canoe from capsizing, Nimitamaan managed to pull out his bawaagan (peace pipe) from his gashkibidaagan (pipe bag) that he had taken along on his quest. With both hands he held the bawaagan in plain view for the purpose of allaying the raging anger of the underwater cat. But then, tayaa! he suddenly heard above the terrible roar of the storm a sinister sound, which, to him, resembled the whine of a flock of aaboojishtigwaanesiinhyag (dragonflies)! Next, to his right, he observed a tiny asinii-jiimaan (canoe of stone) bearing nine little hairy people no taller than wiinabozho-bikwakoon (meadow lilies)! They were all dressed in animal hides – evil tongues say they used the skins of Anishinbaabe children they used to snag from the camps…

“Hoowah!” Nimitamaan said to himself, “there is a whole lot of powerful mashkiki going on around here! Those furry little creatures must be the memegwesiwag that I have been looking for! They will surely lead me to the Thunderbird medicine that I need to save my grandson’s life!”

Although they were in possession of stone paddles, the little peoples’ asinii-jiimaan, which was as fast as lightning, moved alone, as if powered by some external force! Each passenger carried a stone pipe, and it was their childlike voices that Nimitamaan had heard above the raging storm. In unison, the little creatures chanted a song in a strange language, which, if translated in Ojibwe language would probably go as follows:

Gigaa baagwashkaagamiichigemin

Baanimaa makwenimikohing.

Oo! Apegish ginopowaahingoban.

Oo! Apegish zagaswaahingoban.

Giinawind asinii-opwaaganinaanind dizhiigwag.

Giinawind bawaaganinaanind dizhiigwag.

Asemaa binidee-eshkaage.

Asemaa biininenamishkaage.

Asemaa bizaande-eshkaage.


(“We will stir the waters

Until one remembers.

Oh! How we wish for the taste of tobacco.

Oh! How we wish for the smell of tobacco.

Our stone pipes are cold and empty.

Our ceremonial pipes are cold and empty.

Tobacco cleanses our hearts.

Tobacco cleanses our minds.

Tobacco brings peace.”)

Of his People, only Nimitamaan – who, after all, was a Manao, someone who communes with the Memegesiwag - could understand the words of their song! He quickly put his bawaagan back into the pipe sack. Then he reached again for the gashkibidaagan (tobacco pouch) that he kept on the bottom of his canoe, which was still rocking frantically on the waves. This time he managed to throw a few handfuls of the asemaa in the waves! As the tobacco floated away, Nimitamaan chanted in the language of his own People:

Asemaa niwiikaanen.

Asemaa giwiikaanenaan.

Asemaa giwiikaanisimikonaan.

(Tobacco is my friend.

Tobacco is our friend.

Tobacco makes us friends.”)

Quickly the little people in the stone canoe gathered Nimitaaman’s asemaa from the waves and filled their asinii-opwaaganag (stone pipes). Before Nimitamaan could blink twice, the storm subsided! The bay became calm and undisturbed by any ripples. Then, faster than the speed of lightning, the stone canoe with the little creatures in it glided away toward the steep rock with the painting on it. The canoe disappeared into an opening, which closed behind them, without a sound and faster than it took Nimitamaan to blink a third time. Again, he heard the sound of a drum that seemed to come from inside the rock!

Nimitamaan, determined more than ever to obtain the medicine that he knew he would find inside the rock, decided to follow the memegwesiwag into their abode. With powerful strokes the Medicine Man paddled toward the rock with the mysterious paintings on it. Assuming the opening in the painted star constellation was the entrance to the rock’s interior, he steered his vessel straight toward it and put a few handfuls of asemaa (tobacco) on a ledge that stuck out of the rock wall. Sitting erect in his canoe he chanted a sacred song of power that referred to the vision he had had on the Turtle Mountain:

 

Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!

Manidoo-makwa

Waakaashkaw Giizisong

Manidoo-makwa, ambe bizindoshin!

Oshkiniigiins

Waakaashkaw Giizisong

Manidoo Gwiiwizens, ambe bizindoshin!

(“Spirit Bear

Circling around the Sun

Spirit Bear! Come, listen to me!

Little boy

Circling around the Sun

Spirit boy! Come, listen to me!”)

 

Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!

 

Through the rock face he heard (or thought he heard) the Memegwesiwag answer his petition, even above the beat of the drum that came from inside the rock:

Dibishkoo waasmowin

Nindasiniijimaaninaan

Nindasiniijimaaninaan
 

Mazinaabikiniganan Animikii-waabikong

Nindasinii-waakaa'iganinaan,

Nigikinoo’amaage-wigamgonginaan gaye
 

Ni-binesi-mashkikinaan mashkawizimagad.

Ni-animikii-mashkikinaan aapiji-manidoowan

Gikinoowaaji-bii’igaade asiniing.
 

Biindigen niijiikiwenh,

Baaga’akokwewin gigakinoowizh

Nindinwewinaninaan gigakinoowizhigoog.
 

(“Our stone canoe

Is like the speed of lightning

Is like the speed of lightning
 

The painted cliffs at the Place of the Thunder Rock

Are our stone dwelling

As well as our teaching lodge

 

Our Thunderbird medicine is potent

Our Thunder medicine is powerful

It is written in stone

 

Come in friend,

The sound of the drum will guide you

Our voices will guide you.”)


The invisible door in the cliff wall opened, just wide enough to enable Nimitamaan to steer his canoe inside the rock. Slowly, almost tenderly, an invisible hand  lowered the canoe into the bosom of the earth. Not able to see anything in the darkness that surrounded him he suddenly heard the trickling sound of an underground stream. He smelled water. His canoe was lowered to the water! A fast current steered the canoe in the direction of a distant light. The light increased, and in the time of two breaths his canoe bumped against a ledge that protruded from what looked to him a cave wall! In front of him, the ledge formed a wide platform that jutted out several feet above the water’s surface. Nimbly the old man jumped out of his canoe; to his relief his makizinan (moccasins) landed on rock bottom!

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Ojibwe Woodland painting Gift of the Little Boy Water Drum

Gwiiwizens Mitigwakik Miinigoziwin ("Gift of the Little Boy Drum") ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

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His nostrils filled with the penetrating smell of burning giizhik aniibiishan (cedar leaves), he dimly perceived through a thick blanket of damp mist the hazy forms ofthe Memegwesiwag he had seen in the bay, their hairy faces shone upon by the flickering of a small campfire.

He pulled his canoe on top of the ledge. As his squinted eyes beheld the nine little men - who were dancing around the campfire, frantically shaking gourd rattles and chanting songs in high-pitched voices - he noticed seven tiny madoodoowasiniig (sweat lodge stones), glowing red with heat, were lined up in front of the fireplace, in a pattern that he recognized to be the same as the seven-star constellation in the night sky!

Nimitamaan, unafraid and not hindered by the the steaming hot vapor that filled the cave and the intense scent released by the stones and herbs, walked toward the fireplace. As he approached it the Memengwesiwag, mumbling and chattering among each other in a tongue even he did not understand, gestured toward a small, cylindrical object that sat on an elevation. The object was a hollow log, slightly tapered toward the top and it looked like it was made from sections of giizhikaandag (cedar) hollowed by charring and scraping… next to it lay a square deer hide and a curved drumstick, and a small pile of objects that the old Medicine man recognized to be miigisag (seashells).

As he looked intently at the objects, he noticed from the corner of his eye the Memegwesiwag approached him, their chattering voices sounding increasingly agitated. They were gesturing toward his tobacco pouch that he carried around his neck! Quickly, Nimitamaan took out as much as asemaa he could hold in two hands and put it in front of the little fellows. Faster than the speed of lightning the asemaa disappeared in their own gashkibidaaganensag (little tobacco bags)! Next, Nimitamaan took the seven black pebbles from his pouch and lay it in front of the agitated little men, whose dragonfly voices had swollen to a hum that chilled him to the bone. Before he could blink twice, they picked up the stones and, still chattering, ran toward the hollow log. Nimbly they filled the log with a few thumbs of water and put the deer hide on top of it. Next, they used ropes and the seven stones to tie down the hide. To Nimitaaman, the log looked like a smaller version of a Grandfather water drum…

In a high-pitched voice he chanted a sacred song:\


Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!


Mitigwakik, nandawiyaa,


Nimidewewe'iganim, manidoowiyaawi.


Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!

("I seek the water drum

Confer Mystery on my medicine drum." )

Like the screeching of a hawk flying overhead and quickly disappering in the blue sky, the sound of Nimitamaan's song suddenly stopped. Thunderclaps and lighning blinded his ears and eyes, then graually drifted away in his ears. He woke up, surrounded by total silence. Puzzled, he looked around him. He was on the beach, his canoe a few feet away. The water of the bay was perfectly calm. The midday sun shone on the shiny black rock that, in the distance, protruded from the water, and nothing indicated there had be a storm, let alone that he had encountered the Memegwesiwag in their stone canoe who had lured him inside the rock! There was no drumming either – or it had to be the soft sloshing of the waves against it walls that he heard.

Had it all been just a dream, he wondered? But as he looked inside his jiimaan, hoowah! he realized it hadn’t been a figment of his imagination. It was all there…the little water drum, the curved drumstick…and the tobacco pouch that he wore around his neck, instead of asemaa, was filled to the rim with miigisag, the little shiny shells. He was completely out of asemaa! Remembering having offered all his tobacco to the waves and the little men inside the cave, it suddenly all made sense to him. The bear/boy from the Sun, who had appeared to him in a vision the night he began his quest, had led him into the volcanic rock in order for him to find the instrument that would save his grandson and bring his People hope…the little water drum of the Memegwesiwag, along with the shiny sea shells, which he instinctively knew represented Life and would aid his People in finding a new curing ceremony…

Miish go, and thus it happened. Nimitamaan, after taking one last look at Makade-waabikong Wiikwed, the Bay of the Black Rock, gathered his belongings and steered his canoe toward the setting sun, back to the Turtle Mountain, where his People lived. Once there, he visited his grandson, who had died during his absence. Stricken with grief, Nimitamaan climbed on top of the mountain to find a vision. After sitting there seven days and nights in seclusion, the bear from his first dream visited him and gave him instructions on how to use the water drum and the seashells that the Little People of the Black Rock had given him.

Upon returning to the village, his grandson’s parents made sure Nimitamaan's instructions were carried out properly. This included the building of sweat lodge and, a few feet away, a bigger wiigiwaam (lodge) with two openings, an entrance directed to the east and an exit to the west, with a fire inside and a makak(basket) filled withmiinan(blueberries) placed at the entrance. After this had been done, the family and friends went into the sweat lodge for purification. Next, they entered the large wiigiwaam and seated themselves around the corpse, which – save for the boy's head – was wrapped in wiigwaasan (birch bark). Next to him sat the Grandfather Water Drum and the little water drum Nimitaaman had brought from his journey east.

 

When they had all been sitting quietly for some time, they saw through the doorway the approach of Nimitamaan, who, covered in the hide of a black bear, walked in bear style, on hands and feet. After grabbing a handful of blueberries from the makak he placed himself before the corpse of his grandson. Pulling out his zhiishiigwan(rattle) from his niigig-midewayaan(otter skin medicine bag), he started to chant – which, to the spectators, sounded more like grunting than anything else. After a while he raised himself up on his hind legs and chanted:

“Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he


Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.


Heya~ya~he.


Heya~ya~he.


Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!

From up above I come, leaving footprints in the sky.

Mystic-like I came forth!


From the hollow of the earth I emerged, leaving footprints in the soil.


Mystic-like I came forth!


Across Four Seas I swam,


Mystic-like I came forth!


Seven Fires I lit along the way,


Mystic-like I came forth!

Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he


Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.


Heya~ya~he.


Heya~ya~he.


Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw!"

As he danced around his deceased grandson in a clockwise motion, frantically shaking his zhiishiigwan, his trembling body rhythmically swayed and wiggled to the beat of the water drum. Suddenly the rattle magically shot a series of miigisag (seashells) into the direction of his grandson! Next, the body of the boy began to quiver; the quivering increased as Nimitaamancontinued dancing and shaking his zhiishiigwan and shooting miigisag, and he chanted:

Awenen

Dewene


Bemaaji’ag?

 

Who is this


Sick unto death


Whom I restore to life?


When he had passed around four times, hoowah!the boy, before the astonished looks of his family, gradually opened his eyes! As his limbs began to move the bark covering was taken off, and he stood up!
He was brought back to life again!

As soon as water and a few pinches of a pounded plant remedy had been given to his grandson to complete his recovery, Nimitamaan left the lodge through the western door. After a while he re-entered through the eastern door, this time without the bear hide cover. He walked up to his grandson who had been brought back to life and said to him:

Gigete-bimaadiziwin aapidendiwan

miinawaa dash noongom omaa gidoshki-bimaadiziwin, ahaaw.

I'iw oshki-waabang. Aanjitoowin maajiishkaatoon maampii.

Mino bimaadizin, noozis!

 ("Your old life is gone

and your new life is now here, indeed!

It's a new tomorrow, change starts here.

Live well, my grandchild.")


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Nimitamaan's Healing Journey painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

 Aabijiibaawin Ezhi-owiiyaasing ("The Resurrection") ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.


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For the second time Nimitamaan left the Lodge in ceremonial style, again through the western opening. Standing on a small hill he addressed his People that had gathered there, telling them that he obtained his medicine from the Memegwesiwag and through a dream of Makwa, the Bear. He told them he came from the Sky, just as they had (originally) come from the Sky, and that they must always honor the Little People and that after the meeting, they must go out and offer tobacco to the Spirits of the Sky and the Earth. He also told them about his vision quests and the quest that had led him to the bay of the black rock in the east, and the gifts of the Little Boy Drum and the miigis shells that the Little People had given him. He told them his spirit was able to perform the miracle that had happened that day but once! Soon, he said, since I am an old man, I will go home, but not before I have inducted you in the various mysteries and knowledge of medicine, medical practice, and ethics." 

Once he had said this, the People of the village – and many more who had come from wide and far to witness the miracle – crowded around him, bursting out in cries of appraisal and they chanted:


Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw, he~he!

Heya~ya~he

Heya~ya~he

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~ya~he.

Heya~whe~yawhe~yaw, he~he!

Hereupon Nimitamaan addressed the Anishinaabe people assembled there that day as follows, holding the little water drum high in the air:

"Haw sa!Niind Anishinaabe (Yes! I am human being!) But you shall forever remember me as a Giizhig-manidoo, a spirit from the Sky who brought you this here manidoo-gwiiwizens(little spirit boy) who came from the Sun, and you shall remember me for performung bear magic to bring back my grandson to life. For this reason, you shall give the Little oy an honorary place in your Madoodiswanan (Sweat Lodges) and your Midewigaanan (Medicine Lodges), and its voice will sound wide and far while you are in ceremony, and you shall forever remember the Little People when you perform your sacred rites. Haw sa, the little drum will be hereafter known as Gimishoomisinaan oshkaabewis(Our Grandfather’sceremonial helper)!"


When he had accomplished this, Nimitamaan told his People that, now his mission on earth had been fulfilled, he was to take a last trip in his jiimaan and return to the abode of his ancestors, which was the Sweat Lodge constellation in the sky, for the Anishinaabeg would have no need to fear sickness as they now possessed the Sacred Medicine Knowledge that would enable them to live and lead honest and wholesome lives. He then told them that he would now return to the Seven Stars, and that the bright star in the center of the Sweat Lodge constellation would be his forever dwelling place. It is from there, he told them, that he, in the capacity of ishpimingoshkaabewis (ceremonial messenger from above), would be of assistance to the Anishinaabeg while in ceremony...


Giiwenh. Thus is the story of the Medicine Man named Nimitamaan who, through his visions and deeds, brought the Anishinaabeg important instructions and sacred objects – such as the water drums and the seashells, which to this day are being used when curing the sick and at sacred feasts and during the ceremonial of initiation. But most importantly, Nimitaaman inspired the People in a time of famine and despair and death to start living again according to the seven original Teachings, which to this day revolve around the notion of mino-bimaadiziwin – the Way of a Good and Wholesome Life.

Because of Nimitamaan's deeds, the berry bushes and the maple trees and the wild rice fields started to return to their former abundance and game and the fish replenished the woods and lakes and rivers again and provided hard-needed sustenance to the People. Nimitaaman thus saved the starving Anishinaabeg from extinction, and they gratefully honored the Seven Star Grandfathers and the Little People that had gifted Nimitaaman with the water drums. And up until today, the large water drum is called Omishoomisan (Grandfather) and the little water drum is called Gwiiwizens (Little Boy).


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"The Sweat Lodge, Doorway to Our Origin,"©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.

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Although Nimitamaan left us a long, long time ago, the story of his deeds continues to live in our hearts. Some of our people of the present-day Medicine Lodges commemorate and honor him as the man who brought them the Grandfather water drum and the Little Boy drum – the "Chief" water drum and his ceremonial helper that preside over the present-day Medicine Lodges. And even today, a person who uses the water drums to communicate with the Grandfathers in the cosmos, is called "nimitaaman"– he who puts himself in the front of a canoe.

Last but not least, there is even a star named after him! The Bagonegiizhig, the Hole in the Sky star cluster (Pleiades), sits almost opposite this binary star - called Alphecca on Western star maps. Nimitaaman is part of the Madoodiswan (Corona Borealis) constellation. It is the brightest star of the celestial Sweat Lodge, and the third star to the right when you look at it from the earth…

Ahaaw sa. Mii sa ekoozid. Miigwech gibizindaw noongom. Ok, that is the end of the today's story. Thank you for listening to me. Gigiveda-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon! Mino bimaadizin! Live well! Migwechewendan anangoog gaye makwag gaye memegwesiwag gaye mitigwakikoog gayeakina gegoo ahaw! Be thankful for the stars and the bears and the little people and the water drums and for everything else alive!


 


What’s Your Doodem, Part 6: Shells, Cranes & Clans

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"Of Shells, Cranes & Clans: A Story of the Origin of Our Clans"

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The Six Prophets Who Came Out of the Atlantic Ocean

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"Many moons ago, GICHI-MANIDOO sent Ajijaak (a sandhill crane) to earth on a mission. While the spirit-bird was descending, he uttered loud and far sounding cries heard by ininiwag (humans) and manidoog (spirits) alike. Some say the cries must even have startled Makadeshigan, the spirit of th Underworld! Slowly circling down above Gichigamiin, the Great Fresh Water Lakes, sending forth his echoing cry, pleased with the numerous whitefish that glanced and swam in the clear waters and sparkling foam of the rapids, crane finally chose a resting place (known as the fifth stopping place) on a hill overlooking beautiful Baawiting. Again the crane sent forth his solitary cry and the clans of Makwa (bear), Awaasii (catfish), Maang (loon) and Moozoonii-Waabizhesh (combined clans of little moose and marten) gathered at his call. They soon congregated a large town near the Rapids and a Ceremonial Lodge of the Midewiwin (Grand Medicine Society) was erected there, and for the second time since the People had left the Dawn Land the sound of the Midewiwin Grandfather Drum reverberated across the land and the waters. Since then the crane, who is sometimes called Baswenaazhi (the Echo Maker) and regarded as a symbol of eloquence and leadership, presides over all councils."

-   Free after Dagwaagaane, the gichi-ogimaa (head chief) of the CraneClan, ca. 1850

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Boozhoo, aaniin, biindigen! Hello and welcome!

Welcome to part 6 in the "What's Your Doodem" series.

Today's story follows the legendary westward migration route of the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg Peoples, called Path of the Seven Fires, to the land that nowadays comprises Michigan State and part of southern Ontario – and farther west. The historical migration was depicted by the Midewiwin through pictographs on birchbark scrolls, but also recorded in place names, and also in song. It is a story that lives deep in our collective heart…


Part 1: Journey to the Dawn Land


Many strings of lives ago, after leaving the Dawn Land on the seaboards of Zhiiwitaagani Gichigami (the Atlantic Ocean), our ancestors followed the path of a shining seashell in the sky and the flight of a Sandhill Crane, all the way to the land that is nowadays called Michigan, and beyond. Central in the story is the emergence of five Grandfathers who, in the era of the Third Fire, came out of the waves of Lake Michigan to bring my ancestors who colonized that land five clan groups - a system of kinship that exist even today - and teach them how to survive in their new home. 

But what only few people know is that prior to the westward migration to the Great Lakes, our very remote ancestors undertook a similar migration journey – yet in reverse direction…

According to an old Midewiwin allegory, a long time– possibly two to three millennia - ago a large group of Anishinaabeg left their homeland in the Great Lakes area in search for a land of Abundance, which they presumed was in the east. After many years of traveling the migrants came to the northern shores of Zhiiwitaagani-gichigami (the Atlantic Ocean), and so long did they remain that most forgot their origin, and they began to refer to themselves as WAABANAKIIG, People of The Dawn Land.


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The Six Prophets Who Came Out of the Atlantic Ocean

Midemiigis Omishoomisimaag Waabanakiing ("The Miigis Grandfathers from the Dawn Land"), art print by Zhaawano Giizhik. See the website for details.
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Part 2: Emergence of the Clans from the Atlantic Ocean and the Prophecy of the Seven Fires


For many years these Waabanakiig People were seemingly living a life undisturbed by strife, turmoil, or disagreement. One day six Mystery Beings emerged from the Ocean who had taken the form of miigisag (cowrie shells). These Grandfathers from the Ocean established a system of kinship based on odoodemag (clans or totems).

Now, the Miigis Being who – still according to official Ojibwe Midewiwin tradition – appeared first out of the sea was a fish called Wawaazisii (Bullhead); he would form the phratry whose clans would deliver the teachers, scholars, and healers of the Nation. Bullhead, along with Ajijaak (Crane), Nooke (Bear), Moozwaanowe (Little moose-tail), and Aan’aawenh (Pintail Duck), created the original five clan groups. The sixth Being that came out of the sea, a Binesi-miigisag-ayaa or Thunderbird Seashell Being, is said to have sunk back into the sea after being exposed to the light and heat of the sun; other sources claim that he sank back into the Ocean to save the Peoples because he was so powerful that it was impossible to gaze at him without perishing...

The remaining five Miigis Beings delivered their message to eight prophets, and seven of these prophets asked a messenger to see if he could find ways to improve the condition and wellbeing of the Waabanakiig People. The messenger - some say that he was nigig, an otter, who mastered the Waabanakii language -began a quest that would lead him to an abinoojiinh (child), and after receiving approval from the Seven Prophets, the messenger tutored the child in mino-bimaadiziwin (how to live a full and healthy life). Each of the Prophets then instructed the child with a principle, a guideline that honored one of the basic virtues intrinsic to mino-bimaadiziwin. These Niizhwaaswi Gagiikwewinan (Seven Sacred Teachings, or laws) became the foundation of Midewiwin spiritual practice as we know it today. 

What can be said of this system of kinship, that the Six Miigis Beings from the Atlantic Ocean introduced to the Waabanakiig? The odoodem or clan to which an individual belonged, and which was most often an animal, bird, or fish but could also be a tree or a manidoo(spirit, such as the thunderbird or the merman),determined their place and role within their community. An odoodem tied a person to a specific place, especially a place that the odoodem animal (or tree, or spirit) inhabited. Kinship, and the clan system that reflected it, was at the heart of all social relationships. In fact, the odoodem or clan was the foundation of Anishinaabe identity. Odoodem identity stood at the base of the division of labor, teaching, healing, defense, and leadership/communications. Literally all social - and, in some cases, political - interaction was conditioned by odoodem kinship. Clans used to be the number 1 binding factor; "tribal" labels held little or no meaning. Individuals regarded themselves as members of a doodem first, then a(n) (immediate) family, and then a community.

And so it happened that, along with a set of moral values and a new form of kinship, the Miigis Beings, through the seven prophets appointed by them, left the Waabanakiig People with seven predictions of what the future would bring, warning them of a time "when a light-skinned race would arrive at the shores and bring death and destruction." If the People would not leave, the shadow of illness would befall on them, their once happy world befouled, and the waters would forever turn bitter by disrespect.

Until today, these predictions, which referred to seven different time periods called ishkoden (fires), represent key spiritual teachings for Turtle Island, suggesting that the different colors and traditions of the human beings can come together on a basis of respect.

Despite the warnings many Waabanakiig decided to stay behind to protect the Eastern doorway of their Nation from the light-skinned race that had been prophesized to soon arrive at the shores of the Dawn Land. As the journey was marked by the niizhwaaso-ishkoden (seven fires), the migrants were told that a miigis (a radiant cowry shell appearing in the western sky) and an ajijaak (sandhill crane) would show them the way. One of the seven ishkoden came in the form of a vision handed over by the most powerful of the Miigis prophets who had emerged from the Ocean, and who was associated with an Animikii-binesi (Thunderbird). An Abenaki woman who dreamed of this powerful Thunderbird-related prediction told the People about several mikinaako-minisensing (turtle-shaped islands) that would be encountered during the westward migration.

Two to three thousand summers ago, after receiving permission from the greater Waabanaki Nation of their safety in crossing other Nations' territories, a large group of migrants began to move inland, away from the coast of the Salt Sea. This decision would initiate the biggest mass migration in the history of Turtle Island.

Along the migration, which would last approximately 1500 to 2500 years, small family groups or odoodemag (totem clans) stopped, set up permanent settlements - with the societies centered around the Medicine Lodge that was the forerunner of the Midewiwin as we know it today - and eventually became separate Nations. As they traveled deeper and deeper into unknown and often hostile territories, these courageous Waabanakiig migrants started to refer to themselves as Anishinaabeg again: “Spontaneous Beings," after an ancient creation story that located the origin of the Anishinaabeg in the sky.

In this time of the First Fire, large groups of migrants had slowly migrated down Gichigami-ziibi (the St. Lawrence River) to Mooniyaang (present-day Montreal); here the Nation would find the first "turtle-shaped island" marked by a miigs, as had been foretold by the Thunderbird prophet. Here, at the first stopping place, the Midewiwin Lodge was erected for the first time since the migrants had left the Dawn Land.

Once Mooniyaang had been colonized, the larger body of migrants proceeded to ANIMIKIIWAABAD (or Wayaanag-gakaabikaa, the Niagara Falls) - where they encountered the second island the shape of a turtle - and beyond, to “a place where two lakes are connected by a narrow river." Once they had reached the area around Waawiyaataanong (present-day Detroit) and discovered another turtle-shaped island that would become their third stopping place -, they had already separated into several divisions or subnations.

From this spot at the shores of the present-day Detroit River the larger body of Anishinaabeg migrants proceeded to the area now known as Lower Michigan State - which they possibly reached prior to 800 C.E.From here, as they still followed the radiating miigis in the sky, they went on to several regions north and west of Lake Superior and, from there on, west of Lake Michigan.


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Pen-and-ink drawing by Zhaawano Giizhik ©2021 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the website to view details 


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The great trek westward through this immensely vast and practically inhabited territory was a heavy, tough undertaking often full of hardships and dangers. Not only had the migrants to conquer insurmountable natural barriers and face a myriad of little and big manidoog (spirits) and possibly dangerous mishibizhiwag and mishiginebigoog (catlike and horned, serpentlike underwaterspirits) guarding the sacred landmarks and mystic locations -particularly near the waterways and coastlines -; they were also regularly hindered by warlike parties of Naadoweg (Kanien’kehaka or Mohawk) and other Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) nations roaming the territory. 

The worst adversary, however, lurked in themselves...

Not long after reaching the southern shores of Miishii'iganiing (the Michigan lakes) and Mishigamiing (Lake Michigan), the Anishinaabeg had become lost and their once strong sense of oneness shattered, and they split in a northern and a southern branch. The southern group divided into three nations (the Ojibweg, the Odaawaag, and the Boodewaadamiig), when one day a Boodewaadamii boy - as had been predicted when the People still lived in the Dawn Land - dreamed of islands in the form of Stepping Stones. The direction of the Mide Miigis (sacred shell) had been lost, the Midewiwin diminished in strength, and the boy's dream about the Stepping Stones pointed the way back to the traditional ways of the Dawn Land People. Like a prophet in the Dawn Land had predicted, now the time of the Second Fire had arrived: 

"A boy will have a dream and the dream will show the direction to the stepping stones to the future of the Anishinaabe people." 


Hereupon, the 
Misi-zaagiwininiwag, who had migrated along a northern route by the present-day Credit River to what is now Georgian Bay, called for the three groups of the southern branch - whom they regarded as “lost ones" - and entrusted them with the task of forming a political confederation, called Niswi-mishkodewin or Council of Three Fires. Midewiwin sources date the formation of the Council of Three Fires to 796 CE at MichilimackinacThis was at the third major stopping place of the migrants. Since the dream of the Stepping Stones, which came from the Boodewaadamii boy, proved the vision and leadership of his People, the Boodewaadamiig were appointed as the oboodawaadamoog (hearth tenders) of the council. 

After they had formed the “Three Fires," all three Nations started to occupy the area around Naadowe-Gichigami (Lake Huron), but still many migrants decided to move on and to continue following the waterways to the West.

The migrants, after making their way via the Falls of Animikiiwaabad and the Detroit area, followed the “stepping stones” (islands in Lake Huron) and reached the fourth major stopping place: Manidoo-minising (present-day Manitoulin Island), which they recognized as the fourth turtle-shaped island. It was here, on Manidoo-minising, that for the second time since the Anishinaabeg had left the Dawn Land a Midewigaan (Ceremonial Lodge of the Midewiwin) was erected and the age-old beliefs from the motherland were rekindled. The ancient Midewiwin rites were carried out again, the sound of the Mide water drum reverberated across the island and the waters of the lake, and Manidoo Minising became the cultural center of Anishinaabe Akiing (the Land of the Ojibwe Peoples). 

Once the revived rites and ceremonies had healed the broken peoplehood, the still considerably large body of migrants moved southwestward to the Mackinaw area, and then, following the flight of a crane that the Great Mystery had sent, north to the legendary falls of Baawitigong, called nowadays Sault Ste. Marie (Baawitigong is the name of the settlements about Baawiting, the Falls of St. Mary). This was the fifth major stopping place.

Here, not far from the rapids of Gichigami-ziibi (the river that nowadays is called St. Mary's), the Anishinaabeg discovered in the 15th common century the fifth turtle-shaped island of the Seven Fires Prophecy. The odoodemag (totem clans) of the loon, the bear, the catfish, and the marten, gathering at the call of the crane, congregated a large town and soon another Midewigaan (Grand Medicine Lodge) was erected. The Mide rites were performed for the third time since the Anishinaabeg had left the homeland in the East. Baawiting would become the economic and political center of Anishinaabe Aki, the vast empire of the Anishinaabe Peoples.

According to Midewiwin tradition, the era of the Third Fire had arrived.


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Odoodemag Agwaataawin  ("Emergence of the Clans from the Waves of Mishigami")

Odoodemag Agwaataawin ("Emergence of the Clans"), art print by Zhaawano Giizhik. See the website for details.

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Part 3: Emerging of the Clans from Lake Michigan and the colonization of the Northern Peninsula


Six or seven hundred years ago, in the era of the Second Fire, in this new land that nowadays comprises the southern peninsula of Michigan State, five aadizookaanag (Mystery Beings) had emerged from the waters of Mishigami (Lake Michigan), teaching the colonists how they could formalize and extend a vast net of kinship that would forever cement the different groups together. Hereupon the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg of Michigan began to form five groups of patrilineal kin (odoodemag or totemic clans) whose members thought of themselves as descendants of an ancient animal ancestor. These clans were Ajijaak the Crane; Maang the Loon; Maanameg the Catfish; Makwa the Bear; and Moozons the Little Moose/Waabizheshi the Marten. These clans
represented five basic needs and duties, on an individual as well as social level.

What can be said about the animals that represent these five clansthat emerged from the waves of Mishigami?

  • Ajijaak, the Crane, also called Baswenaazhi, the Echo Maker,is responsible for leadership and external communication because of his loud and clear voice. Members of the Crane clan are traditionally noted for giving direction and for their oratory skills. The Waabajijaak or White Crane clan provided for the traditional hereditary chiefs, and some of the more powerful chiefs of the Waabitigowininiwag met the first French explorers of Lake Superior. 
  • Maang, or Loon, the skilfull fisher known for his loud, wild cry, and his habit of assuming his role of subchief, sometimes executive-chief-of-birds, with pomp and authority, definitely didn't make him very popular with the rest of the birds. Loon believes that, since nature placed a collar around his neck resembling the sacred miigis shells and also provided him with an eye-dazzling miigisiyesimiigan (wampum breastplate), he is entitled to a leading place in council...However, this badge of honor is being openly denied by the Crane. Nevertheless, the Anishinaabeg became very fond of him! Members of the Loon Clan are usually responsible for leadership and internal communications; in the past, loon clan members often acted as subchiefs, in conjunction with the ogimaag (chiefs) of the Crane clan. Loon clan members are often charged with the community's council fires and help facilitate dialogue on all internal and/or domestic issues. By working together and regularly checking on each other, Maang doodem and Ajijaak doodem gave the Ojibweg a balanced government.
  • Awaasii or Catfish, representing one of the five odoodemag that gathered at Baawitigong, is known for producing the intellectuals of the People. Another name for this clan is MaanamegTraditionally, Awaasii/Maanameg People are noted for their ability to combine two forms of training: imparting skills and knowledge, and passing on wisdom to the young. It was especially the Elders' task to teach about life through storytelling, chants, and dances, and to prepare the young for a vision quest. Fish clan members are also known to draw on their knowledge to solve disputes between the leaders of the Crane and Loon Clans. Traditionally fish clan people are known for long life and baldness in old age.
  • Makwa, the Bear was selected for his fierceness and bravery and is therefore in charge of defense. The clan that bear represents is called Nooke, or “tender,” named so after his soft paws. They are the police force and the medics of their Nation. Bear clan members have always served and protected their communities and since they traditionally spend much time outdoors they have great knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs used for treating minor diseases and infections.  Traditionally, bear clan members are known for their thick black hair that never whitens even in old age.
  • Moozens, also called Moozoons or Moozonii, represents those that are kin to the Little Moose. These are the providers of their community, responsible for hunting, gathering, and scouting.
  • Waabizheshi, the Marten, who together with the Little Moose shares the same doodem group among my People, is the progenitor of my ancestors. Like those that belong to Nooke doodem, Marten clan members are looked upon as ogichidaag (warriors). Waabizheshiwag are warrior clan people inclined to be great strategic logistic thinkers and defenders of MINO BIMAADIZiWIN, the Good Way of the Heart (Midewiwin) and of ANISHINAABEMOWIN, the beautiful language of the Ojibwe people. In the old days, members of the Marten clan were master strategists in planning the defense of their people and they often served as pipe bearers and message carriers for the ogimaag (leaders). Waabizheshi fights for change and today he defends those who commit themselves to the cultural and educative values and the survival of the language, science and art of the Anishinaabe People. On a personal level, a Marten helps others to reach their potential.

Eventually, these original odoodemag, or animal totems gave rise to twenty or more totems, scattered all over Anishinaabe Aki; each associated with these original five.

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Odoodemag Bimisewin ("Flight of the Clans"), ©2021 Zhaawano Giizhik

Odoodemag Bimisewin ("Flight of the Clans"), ©2021 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to view details.


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Part 4: Flight of  Sandhill Crane and the fulfillment of the Seven Fires Prophecy

The Anishinaabeg who had invaded Michigan’s southern peninsula, now divided into three groups and provided with a new system of kinship called Five Clans pushed their way west and north following the flight of a Sandhill Crane sent by Gichi-manidoo (the Great Mystery). In the 15th common century, a large body of these southern-branch migrants colonized the area of Mackinaw, and then proceeded to the rapids and falls around Baawiting (today called the falls of St. Mary), with some moving inland to form other community villages. These settlers depended primarily on fishing and hunting for survival. The sandhill crane that had led them there would eventually become the symbol of the Sault tribe. 

By the end of the 18th century, the five clans of my ancestors had settled to the extent that there were major centers of population located on Gichi-minis (Grand Island , near Munsing), Point Iroquois (Mashkinoozhekaaning /Bay Mills), Baawiting /Baawitigong (respectively the falls and cascades of the St. Mary and Sault Ste. Marie), Ishkonigan-minis (Sugar Island), Bootaagani-minising (Drummond Island), and Gitigaani-ziibi (Garden River, Soo, Ontario). These historical sites still have settlements of Anishinaabe People living on or nearby today.

Up until today, Ajijaak, the sandhill crane spirit that GICHI-MANIDOO (the Great Mystery) sent from the skies, holds a special place in the hearts and the stories of the Gichigamiwininiwag (the Ojibweg of the Great Lakes) in recognition of one of the defining moments in their history: the founding of Baawiting on Michigan's Upper Peninsula, and after that the establishing of two more settlements much farther to the west. Baawiting, the fifth stopping place in the migration of the Anishinaabe Peoples, was to be the political and economic center of Anishinaabe Aki, their new land in the west, and from its rapids the migration split againsearching for the “land where food grows upon the waters,” lighting along the way the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Fires.

In the early 1600's the diaspora spread out from the falls and rapids of Baawitigong to the borders and islands of Gichi-gami (Lake Superior), as far as Manidoo-minisaabik and Mooningwane-kaaning-minis, two islands located respectively at the far end of Gichi-gami and in a bay in the southwestern part of the lake. Here, in gaa-zaaga'eganikaag, the "land of many lakes," wild rice grew in the lakes and streams, fish and fur was plentiful, and the soil was fit to grow large patches of corn and squash; here, in the promised land, the People found life better than it had been in the east.

Thus the crane played a central role in the creation of the fifth, sixth, and seventh stopping place. As the miigis shell had done before the People reached Baawitigong, Crane served as a beacon for the Southern Ojibweg in their quest for gaa-zaaga'eganikag, the "land of many lakes" and he became the symbol of the fulfillment of a Prophecy that had been delivered to them when they still lived in the Dawn Land.

By the 1800's, Anishinaabe Aki (Ojibwe Country) covered an area from the shores of Naadowewi-gichigami (Lake Huron), Gichigami (Lake Superior), and the upper part of Mishigami (Lake Michigan), all the way across the southern part of Canada and the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota to the Turtle Mountain area in North Dakota. Farther to the south, there are even communities in the present-day states of Illinois, Ohio, Kansas, and Indiana, descending from Ojibwe migrants who two centuries earlier had left Baawiting to venture southward. 

The Waabanakiig Peoples from the Dawn had had finally reached and colonized the promised land and it seemed that the prophecy of the Miigis Grandfathers had been fulfilled...


> Read part 1 in the series


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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Teachings from the Tree of Life, part 13: Living the Mashkikiikewin Life

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"Living the Mashkikiikewin Life"

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Ojibwe Midewiwiin

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Boozhoo, aaniin! Biindigen miinawaa nindaadizooke wigamigong; enji-zaagi'iding miinawaa gikendaasong. Ninga-aawechigemiinawaanoongom giizhigad!

Hello my relatives, I greet you in a good way. Welcome back in my Storytelling Lodge, a place of love and knowing. Let's share another teaching today!

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Apane mino-bimaadizin miinawaa dibaamenimon. Gego ani-izhaakegon Wiindigoo endaad. "Always live well and be moderate in what you do. Don’t go where the Wiindigoo lives!"- Anishinaabe proverb

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Let's talk about food today. Food, and medicine, that is generously given us by our mother, the Earth. Too often mankind mistakes prosperity for profit and does not respect the rules of a fair relationship with our mother anymore.

So, let's talk about the topic of today's story:, "living the Mashkikiikewin life. " But first, let's define what "living the Wiindigoo life" is.


Modern Anishinaabeg (Natives) have at least four Wiindigoowag, or sins. They are: sugar, unhealthy fat, synthetics and... convenience. Although at first glance seemingly an exaggeration, I believe there is much truth in that statement.

What's a Wiindigoo you might wonder? “Betag!” our ancestors used to tell their children and grandchildren, “Gaagige weweni onji ashwaabam wiindigoo! Aabanaabin bezhigo bimose’an ingoji! Be careful! Beware of the Winter Cannibal! Always look out for him!"

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Wiindigoo and the Bear Healer art print

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So there it is. A Wiindigoo is the Cannibal, the hideous Ogre who lives in the North. and regularly invaded the lands, the minds, and the souls of our ancestors in order to devour their flesh, wipe out their clans, and make their minds go insane. Although brave warriors managed to overcome the Wiindigoowag and banished them to the far north for good, the wiindigoo is still among us in spirit! His traumatizing footprints are still very much around us! While in the old days meant to keep unruly children in check, today, wiindigoo aadizookaanan (wiindigoo stories) are essentially cautionary tales about isolation, self destruction, greediness, and selfishness. They teach us the importance of living moderately, and of community spirit, of a strong sense of responsibility toward the collective.

The wiindigoo is nowadays a metaphor for many bad things that threaten and poison us as a People — such as forced removal to new lands and the intergenerational trauma caused by the boarding/residential school experience, racism, cultural appropriation, large-scale and systematic exploitation and pollution by multinationals of our lands and waters, the rampant violence and substance abuse in our own midst, and, last but not least, the widespread child abuse and sexual aggression against our young women and men, committed by outsiders as well as by our own people. In a deeper sense, however, Wiindigoo symbolizes the spirit of excess, of lack of moderation. In particular: our unhealthy eating habits, our overindulgence to unhealthy food. This is the biggest and most dangerous enemy of us all, haw sa, even more lethal than the before-mentioned dangers that threaten us and the generations that come after us.

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Wenabozho, the "Great Hare," semi-spirit and beloved benefactor of the Anishinaabe Peoples, tends the sacred Fire and offers smoke from his pipe to the four directions. He is depicted here with two eagle feathers and a mide-miigis (sacred shell) in his hair. Leaves of the purifying giizhik (cedar) and a makak (birchbark basket) filled with nutritious manoomin (wild rice) are depicted in the foreground. Detail of the painting "Living the Mashkikiikewin Life." ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.
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It is no secret that our ancestors lived much healthier lives than most of us do today. They were fishers and hunters and farmers and gatherers of seeds, berries, and roots. Their diet was filled with vitamins, natural sugars, and healthy animal fats. The only processed foods they knew were manoomin (that sacred grain that grows on water, often erroneously called "wild rice"), zhiiwaagamizigan (maple syrup), and nooka'iiwagwaan and nooka'iskawaan (pemmican made of, respectively, dried meat and dried fish mixed with berries). All very nutritious and high in unsaturated fat, minerals, and antioxidants. No added preservatives, flavors, nutrients, and other man-made food additives that are bad for a person's health.

Frybread, and "Indian Tacos" you say? When our ancestors were deported from their land and onto reservations in the 1800s, they were kept from their traditional agricultural foods such as maize, beans, and squash and healthy meat given to them by their relatives the elk, moose, buffalo, deer, and rabbit. Rations of flour, salt, sugar, and lard took the place of those traditional foods.  Then, later on in time, modern society "topped" this by introducing white rice and genetically modified corn and building factories on our lands that systematically contaminate the lakes and rivers  which results in toxic drinking water and heavy-metal poisoned fish and manoomin (wild rice). So, since the rez folks only had access to flour, salt, sugar, and lard, this new "Indian tradition" came about. This is where the frybread (or bannock as our relatives north of the border call it) and "Indian Taco" came into being. 
So we're basically looking at an evolution of Native cuisine triggered by grim circumstances.  Frybread, or bannock, became a new staple dish in our communities. Our not-so-long-ago ancestors often added dried fruit or spices to the flour, then fried the dough in a small amount of oil over a campfire. Later on, influenced by intertribal powwows, all kinds of unhealthy stuff was added to make it a "taco." Since then, a life without this round, doughy, deep-fried treat that makes the mouth water just thinking about it has become unfathomable.

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Fry bread recipe

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There are roughly two ways of looking at this phenomenon. It is often said that frybread is a modern symbol of Native persecution and perseverance, of ingenuity and cultural sustenance. Others, like Cheyenne/Muskogi writer and activist Suzan Shown Harjo, said that frybread is "the connecting dot between healthy children and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dialysis, blindness, amputations and slow death...." And," she added ironically, "frybread has replaced 'fire-water' as the stereotypical Indian staple in popular culture."

Anishinaabe rock musician Keith Secola put it even more concisely : "Frybread has killed more Indians than the federal government."*

Geget, for sure, it's no exaggeration to say that nowadays fry bread and Indian Tacos are so intrinsically embedded in our culture that most of us can’t imagine going without. But has it always been our tradition? Nah. Our pre-contact ancestors had no flour, nor did they have beef, processed (chemically produced) sugar, hydrogenated frying oils, dried cow’s milk, butter, and Cheddar Cheese. They never heard of those things.

Geget, so yeah. there is no doubt that our ancestors lived the Mashkikiikewin life.

Okay, so...what does Mashkikiikewin mean? The verb mashkikiike means, "gather (or produce) herbal medicine." The noun mashkiki is a contraction of the verb mashkawizi, which means "have strength, or power," and aki, which means earth. -ike means s/he makes, produces, or gathers. The verb is related to the word mashkikiiwinini, which means "medicine man." More literally: "man who makes or gathers strength from the earth." Mashkikiikewin, therefore, denotes, "Living like a man (someone) who is of the medicine making and in doing so, gathers strength from the earth."

Our ancestors lived according the cyclical rhythm set by, as they called it, aandakiiwinan, the seasonal changes. Mashkikiwan and aniibiishag (medicines; medicinal plants and medicinal herbs) as well as editegin (berries and fruit) were of utmost importance to them, in terms of nutrition and healing illnesses. Traditionally, the Ojibwe
odoodem (clan) of nanaandawi’iwewin (healing) is represented by the otter - as well as by the turtle, the frog, the rattlesnake, the water snake, and the mermaid/merman.

It is the teaching of the Midewiwin, our age-old Anishinaabe society of the Good Hearted Ones, that every tree, bush, plant, and fruit has a use. Bimaadiziwin, health and long life, represented to our ancestors a central guideline in life and a code for upright living, and those who had knowledge of plants and fruits and their medicinal and ceremonial use were most highly esteemed among their communities. This knowledge often came directly from manidoog (the spirits), particularly from bawaaganag, spirits in animal form visiting the healer in a dream or vision. But not all herb specialists received their knowledge directly from the spirit world. Many herbalists — generally called Mashkikiiwininiwag - were specialists possessing an encyclopedic knowledge of the mysterious properties of an enormous variety of plants, herbs, roots, and berries. These medicine persons were often women, and therefore referred to as
mashkikiiwininiikweg ("Female Medicine Men") or mashkikiikewikweg ("Women Who Are of the Medicine Making"). These herbalists, either male or female or two-spirited, had great knowledge of that what the earth offered them, and they were keenly aware that certain plants and roots produce a specified effect upon the human system.



miinan miinawaa wiingashk miinawaa Wenabozho Ookomisan wiinizis miinawaa miigis

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A Gete-Anishinaabe (Elder) sits at Gimishoomisinaan, our Grandfather Water Drum.  He is ganawishkodawewinini — a firekeeper of his People.A Mide- zhiishiigwan (Ceremonial Rattle) sits on top of the drum head. Ishkode, the sacred fire, is lit in front of the Midewigaan (Medicine Lodge). In the foreground are depicted a makak (birch bark basket) filled with miinan (blueberries), a medicinal plant called Wenabozho Ookomisan Wiinizis (Wenabozho’s Grandmother’s Hair: "Indian Paintbrush"), a mide miigis (a sacred sea shell used in ceremonies), and a braid of the purifying wiingashk (sweetgrass). Detail of the painting "Living the Mashkikiikewin Life." ©2022 Zhaawano Giizhik.
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Some of the fruits and berries that grow abundantly in summer, such as miinagaawanzhig (blueberries) and bagwaji-ode’iminan (wild strawberries, literally: wild heart berries) were traditionally not only used for food and medicine, but also had a strongly ceremonial function. Berries were often associated with makwa the bear. In the old days, when a person was fond of, let’s say, cherries, the people would say: "Look, there goes a bear".

Our ancestors approached life in a sacred manner. GAA MIINIGOOYANG: “That Which Is Given to Us” used to be a notion that was central to their worldview. Gaa miinigooyang refers to the traditional Anishinaabe belief that everything we have is given to us by Gichi-manidoo, the Great Mystery, as a gift that we must humbly give thanks for.

Traditionally, the philosophy of gakina gegoo, or inter-dependency of all things, lay at the heart of the economic system of our ancestors: the individual was dependent upon his community for survival, the community was dependent on nature for survival, and nature was dependent on the Spirit World for survival.

The traditional definition of wealth has always been the ability to have enough to share with the community, and to give away what one does not strictly need in order to survive. Sharing with each other and giving away more than one receives were therefore the greatest of the virtues…When taking a mashkiki (plant), ojiibik (root), or mashkosiw (herb), one always explained to its spirit why it was being done, and offered some asemaa (tobacco) in return. While putting asemaa in the hole one would respectfully tell the spirit of the dug-up plant or root that the spirits allowed it to grow in that certain spot for the benefit of mankind and that the tobacco is been given in return so that the plant will do it’s best to make the medicine work. This is the way it has always been done and always will be done.

Now. It has taken us Anishinaabeg many strings of lives to develop our bodies so that we coexist peacefully with gaa miinigooyang - the natural foods that Aki provides us with. However, due to land loss, reservation politics, internment in Catholic horror factories and a myriad of mental health issues resulting from it, most of us Anishinaabeg (although not all!) lost touch with the old Ways. This development only took three to four generations to complete. This means that we haven’t had the time to develop resistance to many of the foods and diseases that modern society throws at us. Foods that are manufacturing processed and contaminated with all sorts of synthetic substances. Fish contaminated by heavy metals and drinking water poisoned by plastic bottle producers and oil and gas spills because of leaking pipe lines and devastating health effects caused by nuclear waste from power plants that were put on our lands. Whole communities, particularly in Canada have been and still are being e
xposed to large amounts of radioactivity, causing  nausea, vomiting, hair loss, diarrhea, hemorrhage, destruction of the intestinal lining, central nervous system damage, and, ultimately, death. It also causes DNA damage and raises the risk of cancer, particularly in young children and fetuses. 

And when not poisoned by those silent serial killers that live in our lakes and rivers our bodies are daily being ravaged by processed foods that we, out of free will, buy in the stores. Foods that are often difficult to digest and consist of extreme amounts of refined sugar and a myriad of chemicals. All this poison results in widespread and intergenerational diabetes and cancer - and ditto mental issues! - that havoc our communities in much higher rates than most non-Native People that have settled on our Turtle Island.

So, what we don't need is more Wiindigoowin. What I would call: living a m
ass media-fueledconsumerist life style. What we do need is Mashkikiikewin  what I would call, living a life based on gathering medicine. More literally: gathering strength from the earth. Because strength can be found in the earth, not in factory products.
I think we all know  or ought to know  by now why the first three Wiindigoowag (sugar, saturated and trans-fats, and synthetics) are extremely unhealthy for us. The Internet provides us with all the information we need to know about healthy and unhealthy food, and there is simply no excuse not to know about these things. But what about the fourth Wiindigoo? Convenience? How so, convenience? Why is convenience a Wiindigoo?

Our modern eating habits are based on just that: convenience. The world has turned in one big convenience store. So, in a way, one could say it isn't so much the unhealthy foods that threat our lives and health; it's convenience that makes us into unhealthy people. It's convenience that is the most Wiindigoowin of all Wiindigoowin! It’s convenient to go to the fast food joint. It’s convenient to microwave our TV dinner. It’s convenient to fill our shopping cart with bags of sugar and snacks and chemicalized beef and baloney and white bread and rice and ketchup and candy and lemonades and soda pops and six packs of beer instead of picking berries or harvesting manoomin and maple sap and buying honey and nuts and fruits and healthy drinks and lean meats  in short, foods that are loaded with natural sugars. vitamins, and good fats that don't clog your veins.

We all can be Mashkikiikewin. We all should be mashkikiiwininiwag, and mashkikiiwininiikweg, medicine men and women, leading a healthy life. Get informed about the properties of the foods and medicines you prepare and consume. Ask yourself each time you put something in your or your children's mouth, is it good or bad for me and them? Why is it good or bad for me and them? Get informed and use the knowledge that is out there in your everyday life to defeat the Wiindigoo. Stay away from a consumerist life style that entices you into bad habits. Avoid disease and work toward having a healthy body and mind. Live the Mashkikiikewin life.

Let's all start here and make a change. Remember,
90% of disease is driven by our lifestyle choices. It's time we step up to the dinner plate and have a hard look at what we put on it. Let's beat the Wiindigoo and become a true Anishinaabe again.

Ahaaw sa. Mii sa ekoozid. Miigwech gibizindaw noongom. Well, that is the end of the today's teaching. Thank you for listening to me. Giga-waabamin wayiiba giishpin manidoo inendang, I will see you again soon, if the Great Mystery wills it. Mino bimaadizin! Live well!

*"Fry Bread" by Jen Miller.

Miigwech to Russell Littlecreek, a member of 
Miskwaagamiiwi-Zaagaiganing
(the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians), whose writings inspired me to write this blog post.
Art illustrations by Zhaawano Giizhik ©2022
"Living the Mashkikiikewin life."Visit the website for details."Wiindigoo and the Bear Healer." 

Love Stories from the Land of Many Lakes, part 19: Yellow Star Woman's Dream Vision

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Yellow Star Woman's Dream Vision

Manidoo-Giizisoons (Little Spirit Moon), December 1, 2022


Nookomis Dibewagendamowin (Moon's Reflection) Woodland art painting by Zhaawano Giizhik


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A magic dream vision tale about love and separation. Two beings , living apart, one from the earth and the other from the sky. Shone upon by the light of the Universe, their sacred union reflected by the glow of the stars above, their love is distant yet remains strong...

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Boozhoo! Biindigen miinawaa nindaadizooke wigamigong; enji-zaagi'iding miinawaa gikendaasong. Ningad-aadizooke noongom giizhigad! Hello! Welcome back in my Storytelling Lodge where there is love and learning. Let’s tell a zaagi'idiwin aadizookaan(sacred love story) today!

This blog tale is another episode, the 19th already in a series named “Love Stories from the Land of Many Lakes.” The series features love tales and teaching stories that encompass the unique worldview and cultural perspective of the Anishinaabeg Peoples.

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Part 1: The First Dream


 ~~ A STORY ABOUT LOVE AND SEPARATION ~~

 The story I will tell you today is a semi autobiographic narrative, braided with strands of traditional Ojibwe story elements and personal dream vision experience, about a starry-eyed woman from Bkejwanong,² the Land where the Waters Divide. Her name is Ozaawi'anang (Yellow Star).

Once upon a time Ozaawi'anang, lying on the top of a bluff,  had a vision-dream. In this vision-dream it was night. Shestood erect, holding a copper pail. Inside was a great gift: mide waaboo, the sacred water. Ozaawi'anang stood there all night, singing prayers for nibi, the spirit of the water. Then she directed her gaze to waawiyezi-dibik-giizis, the full moon, who shone straight above her. The moon was so big and full that she could touch it! In the moon, she saw a reflection of a snapping turtle with thirteen moons on its back and of herself, paddling a wiigwaasi-jiimaan (birchbark canoe) across the great galaxy.

The canoe took her westward across the great sky, and after a long journey - that to her seemed to last only a few eye-blinks - it hovered above a large bay, called Animikii-wiikwedong, the Bay of the Thunder. Slowly her canoe was lowered until it touched water.

As she crossed the bay, she saw a large body of stone emerge from the moonlit waves. It was the body of a giant manidoo (spirit) who once lived among the stars, and who had lain dormant in the bay for many winters and summers. His name was Nibaad Misaabe (Sleeping Giant). Their eyes met and a fire was lit in their hearts. It was love at first sight…

Since Ozaawi'anang nowlived in the sky, she and the Giant from the sky only met for a short period of time. Although their times together were brief, her beauty touched him in unspeakable ways, words fall short to express what this stone manidoo felt for her. Only the moon and the stars high above understood the depth of the love that lived in their hearts and the scope of the feelings that these two beings harbored for each other. Only they saw how hard it was for them to be separated by time and distance. As she was a star born on the earth and he a star being that had been changed into rock, they complemented each other in more than one way. They were stars in each other's eyes, bonded together, yet it felt sometimes as if beyond each other's grasp...

At last, knowing that her home was in the sky, Ozaawi'anang bade her lover giga-waabamin miinawaa (“I will see you again”) and, ascending back to her celestial abode and with tears in her eyes, she sang a sacred song of parting:³

Dibishkoo biidaanakwag, wiingii abi-ezhaa

Dibishkoo waabaanakwag, aabiji-maajaa.

Ningashkendam wiingaa abi-izhaad

Nimgashkendam wiingaa ago-maajaad.

Ningii magawig

ningaa abi naanig ina?

Wiinaagozi dibishkoo anang

Wiiwaasa wendaagozi dibishkoo anang.


("Like a cloud has he come and gone

Like a cloud drifted away forever.

Sad am I since he came

Sad am I since he's gone.

Now he has found my love

Will he return for my love?

Like a star in my eyes

Like a star beyond my grasp, my love.")


Although, sadly, the relationship between the two lovers did not last on aki, the earth, now the tale of Ozaawi'anang and the Sleeping Giant lives on forever among anangoog, the stars high above…

Giiwenh. So goes the tale about the love that the stone giant of the Deep Sea called Gichigami (Lake Superior) felt for a beautiful woman who came from far and touched his heart before she returned to her home in the sky ...so goes the song sung by this brave woman who felt sad because she and her lover lived far apart...

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Sky Woman's Vision Woodland Art painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 2: The Second Dream


 ~~ A STORY ABOUT BIRTH AND RECREATION ~~


Nine moons later but at the same time many, many strings of lives in the past, Ozaawi'anang had another dream vision. This was in the era of Dawn when the earth was still young. In this dream she lived in the sky. It was there where she conceived two children, a twin brother and sister. Although evil tongues said it was a Thunderbird who had impregnated her, she was pretty sure the Sleeping Giant himself was their father! She put the babies, carefully wrapped in bundles, in her sky canoe and as she lowered it to the Bay of Thunder to find their father and tell him the news, she saw to her horror that the world below her was inundated with water. The earth had been entirely flooded! Even the Stone Giant had disappeared beneath the lake’s surface! A Thunderbird hovered over the bay, casting down lightning and creating thunder by flapping its gigantic wings. The waves beneath her were roaring, the wind howling, and the lightning was flashing in every direction. The horrendous head of the Great Underwater Sprit emerged from the waves and its tail covered with copper scales slashed around as in a frenzy. Ozaawi'anang’s canoe was rocking back and forth violently.In her struggle to keep her canoe from capsizing she offered tobacco to the waters. Then she sang a magic song.

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Jiigewe’am naawij, nagawawin jiimaan,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Bimaawadaaso wiijiiw giigoonh,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Megwe digowag, megwa anwaatin ge

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Nindasemaake, heya-wya-whe.

Asemaa binidee-eshkaage.

Asemaa biininenamishkaage.

Asemaa bizaande-eshkaage.

Nagamowin nibi nagamon,

Wiikwedong nagamawin nagamon,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Heya-wya-whe.

 

("Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

 Paddling along in my canoe,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Traveling along with the fishes,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Among the waves, in calm waters too

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Offering tobacco, heya-wya-whe.

Tobacco cleanses hearts.

Tobacco cleanses minds.

Tobacco brings peace.

Singing my water song,

At the bay singing my song,

Heya-way-whe- H’ya-whe-yawhe-yaw!

Heya-wya-whe.")

 

The moment her clear voice stopped sounding above the rage of the storm, the great black shadow that was the Thunderbird disappeared to the west. The Underwater Cat, appeased by Ozaawi'anang’s tobacco offering, dove back under and the surface of the flooded bay regained its calm. The moon and the stars cast their peaceful light on the waves, and the world, covered by a thick blanket of water, was silent again…

Ozaawi'anang looked around her to see if there was any life moving about. Then she noticed that to the southeast a giant turtle floated on the water surface. Only a few land animals had managed to find refuge on its back! Looking for a haven where she could nourish and raise the twins she had brought along from her abode in the sky, she steered her canoe toward the turtle shell. This is where she met Maang (the loon), Amik (the beaver), Nigig (the otter), and Wajashk (the little muskrat), who told her that they were the only survivors. All the other animals had been drowned!
 
That day, long ago,
Ozaawi'anang spoke to her new friends as follows: “My relatives! I don't have all the powers of creation. But I am a female spirit and I have a special gift. I have the power to recreate. I can recreate the world, but I can't do it by myself. I need your help. I need you to dive deep. I need you to bring me a handful of the soil of the original land. The soil will be the seed I use to recreate the Earth.”
 
And so it happened. All day long the animals took turns trying to reach the soil covered by the great depth of water but to no avail. At the end of the day, it was only Wazhashk the little muskrat, not used to swimming in deep water, who had not given it a try. The brave little animal decided that with no one else available to help it was up to him to do the job. He took many deep breaths and dived down and down.
 
As he finally came back to the surface, Wazhashk had clutched in his paw the soil from the bottom of the flooded land. Gratefully
Ozaawi'anang, still dreaming, took the soil, dried it, and breathed life into it, then rubbed it on the turtle's back. She rubbed the soil round and round and as she did, an island took shape above the water. Ozaawi'anang continued to move over the new soil. She walked in wider and wider circles; it took her 14 summers to complete the job! And so, the New Earth was created.

Once the new island was complete and a new flora and fauna had emerged, Ozaawi'anang nurtured the twins to manhood and womanhood. Once she knew that the Anishinaabeg (as she named them: “Beings Born from Spirit”) were mature enough to stand on their own legs, she bade them giga-waabamin miiawaa (“I will see you again”) and paddled her canoe in northwestern direction where she had last seen the Sleeping Giant. As soon as she reached the bay of Thunder, she saw to her relief that her old-time lover cast his huge shadow across the water like he had done before the flood had hit the land. Once again, they lay together, united, even though if it was only for a moment...

Still dreaming, Ozaawi'anang had visions of many sacred things and events. Her dream was as vast as anangokwaan (the galaxy) and the visions she had were as numerous as the stars that filled it.  She saw how Animoosh, the dog, looked after the twins, nurturing them throughout their infant years.  She saw how Elder Brother Wenabozho, the first two-legged being that walked the new earth teamed up with his brother Ma'iingan the wolf. Together, they walked the Earth naming all  the other creatures on the planet. She saw how the earth shifted, bringing chaos to the world, and how the Wiindigoog (Cannibal Spirits of Winter) volunteered to bring back order. Straight through the void of space from the stars they came, moving through the earth to stabilize the tumbling, holdingthe Earth's poles constant. She witnessed how they were gifted the gift of ice for holding the actual poles of the earth! This event marked the creation of biboon (winter) and the beginning of the Anishinaabe calendar, and from that moment on the cycle of the seasons started at the full moon when the sucker fish spawn. She saw how six Mystery Beings emerged from the water of the Ocean in the east, bringing the Anishinaabeg the Seven Teachings along with a vast system of clanship that exists until today, and she saw how Elder Brother Wenabozho gave the People the gift of fire and of Medicine - teaching them  chants and medicines and rituals for warding off sickness and death - and how he taught them to build Medicine Lodges. She saw how the Grandfather water drum was lowered from the Madoodiswan (Sweat Lodge constellation)and gifted to the People and how a bear spirit descended from the Sun to bring the People the Little Boy Water Drum. She witnessed, in another frame of time, how three old men came together to light a fire, thus establishing a political and spiritual bond of brotherhood between Anishinaabe tribes that is upheld and honored up until this day. She even saw how, in yet another era, beneath her, in the Bay of Thunder, Elder Brother Wenabozho turned to stone overnight; with fire stirring in her heart and loins, she visited him again to make love to him before she returned to the star world....haw sa, In her dream, she saw many, many sacred things and events that even nowadays are being reminisced on through the aadizookaanan, the sacred stories that the Elder Persons tell the young during long winter nights...

Next, after witnessing all those sacred things and events, Ozaawi'anang, still dreaming,, knowing her purpose and nature were finally fulfilled, ascended back into the sky. She had been dreaming for such a long time that she had turned from a young woman into Nookomis, a grandmother! This is when she changed her name in Wezaawi Giizhigookwe, Yellow Sky Woman....From then on, she watched over her children, the Anishinaabeg, by night; by day the Sun and the Earthmother took care of them.

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Part 3: The Reflection

Ozaawi'anang woke up, finding herself on top of the bluff overlooking the Land where the Waters Divide. She smiled, understanding that what had happened in it actually happened a great many strings of lives ago, when the earth was still young…Closing her eyes she reminisced on her sacred union with the Sleeping Giant in the faraway Bay of Thunder...She looked up at the moon grandmother in the night sky, and she saw a reflection of many faces on her silver surface. It was the faces of her People…Life is good, she thought by herself. She smiled again.

Even today, thanks to Ozaawi'anang’s dream vision, Grandmother Moon’s existence, her gift of life, and the primacy of women are still remembered by our People each time Dibik-giizis, the Night Sun shines on our precious island-home…

Ahaaw, miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidaadizookoon. Well, thank you for listening to my storytelling today. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon...

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FOOTNOTES:


¹ The story is loosely based on 
The Amazing Legend of Yellow Star and the Sleeping Giant by Zhaawano Giizhik.

² Bkejwanong, present-day Walpole Island, Southeastern Ontario

³ Source: Basil Johnston, Ojibway Ceremonies, pp 85, 86. McClelland & Stewart, 28 Jan 2011.

The full moon in the month of January.


Illustrations:


Top: Nookomis Dibewagendamowin ("Moon's Reflection") - © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik. The painting is orderable as a wall photo print: See the webshop

Bottom: Giizhigookwe Izhinamowin ("Sky Woman's Vision") © 2022 Zhaawano Giizhik



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The Way of the Heartbeat, part 14: Wenabozho and the Painted Drum


Ode’imini-giizis(Strawberry Moon) / Baashkaabigonii-giizis(Blooming Moon), June 28, 2023

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Maajiikamowin Madwewe, the Sound of Creation painting

Maajiikamowin Madwewe ("the Sound of Creation") © 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to view a photo or canvas print of the painting.
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Weshkad - a long time ago when the world was still young – there lived a female creator in Gichi-waawiyekamig - the great round sky lodge. Her name was Giizhigookwe, or “Sky Woman.” She had been born shortly after an omnipresent and all-encompassing power called "GICHI-MANIDOO" had initiated the creation of the Great Round Sky Lodge. This creation had started with the sound of a great multitude of zhiishiigwanan*, or rattles (shakers), which could best be compared with the noise of millions of hissing rattle snakes filling the Universe.

Zhiishiigwanan are the first drums known to the Anishinaabeg! These ancient sound-makers, which our Medicine People use in ceremony, carry seeds inside them; these seeds symbolize life and the first sound that we hear in the early morning when plants "pop" (shoot seeds). This makes it easy to understand that a zhiishiigwan, to us,symbolizes the creation of the cosmos. 

So, the whole sky lodge was filled with this intense sound created by a great multitude of rattles. This all-pervasive. high-frequency sound that traveled throughout space in many spiraling waves, initiated a brand new Order, called Anang Akiiwan, or Galaxy: An intricate system of spirits, stars, gas, dust, and dark matter, and the force that bound it all together was wiikobidoomaagan(gravity). The solar system was born!

Sky woman, as she was very intelligent and endowed with a power akin to that of the GICHI-MANIDOO, looked around her, examining the new Order. Although it seemed almost perfect, she thought by herself that there was still something missing. No being can exist without two inherent aspects, she thought – the world needs duality. The highly dynamic noise of the rattle that had preluded creation needs another, softer and more peaceful, earthly sound to make the Universe complete! But how was she going to find this sound? “Tayaa, aaniin waa ezhichigeyaan? Ahaaw, ninoondebwaajige ji-wiidokaagoyaan: Oh my! What am I going to do? Well, I need to have a dream to help me,” she said to herself.

So, this is when she decided to undergo a vision quest, through which she hoped to gain insight.

After 7 days and nights of fasting she finally had the vision she had been waiting for. A voice addressed her, telling her that it was the steady, healing sound of a heartbeat that would complement the noise of the rattles. And then she was told how to construct an instrument that could make that happen.

It took Sky Woman four days to make this instrument, which was the forerunner of the big community dance drum that, countless generations later, would become the most central and precious instrument in the ceremonial lives of the Anishinaabeg and Očhéthi ŠakówiŋPeoples. To make it, she needed materials that could only be found on the shield of a great turtle that floated through space, orbiting the Sun – and that is nowadays known as “planet earth.”

Painting Sky Woman Dances on the Shell of the Great Turtle painting

Waving a truly majestic plume of large black-tipped eagle feathers and dressed in a beautiful dress colored yellow, purple, red, and brown and that was lined with many rows of metal cones, she danced her way through a hole in the sky. Singing, she lowered herself onto the turtle shield. Once landed, she danced around the great turtle's shield, and the tinkling melody of the cones of her dress brought a sense of peace and tranquility to the land, the mountains, and the lakes and to every being that lived there. Next, she took her gashkibidaagan (tobacco pouch) out of her bundle and, still singing, walked toward a forest. With asemaa (tobacco) in hand, she asked a huge gizhikaandag (cedar tree) to gift her with his wood and the largest waawaashkeshi (deer) of the forest to gift her with her soft skin. She addressed a migizi (bald eagle) that flew over and asked him to lend her his black-tipped feathers. Then she got to work. From the cedar tree she fashioned a cylindrical body, with on top a deer hide which she had tanned and stretched for the occasion. Next, she hung the instrument to four tall posts made of bent willow saplings, which gave the newly made object the impression of floating above the ground. Next, she ordained her grandson Wenabozho, who at that time lived in the east with his wife, the Morning Star.

Wenabozho, who was very fond of his grandmother, did as he was told and without much ado, he left his abode and headed for the turtle planet. After a long journey through space and over land, he found his grandmother on a turtle-shaped island in a great freshwater sea! Sky Woman, smiling, greeted him and showed him the instrument she had made. Amused at her grandson for gazing in great awe at the huge object in front of him, she told him that the reason she had summoned him was that the Universe was in dire need of a heartbeat and that she needed his help to find it. She explained to him that the instrument in front of him, whose shape reflected the shape and paths of the earth, sun, moon, and stars, was nothing short of akikwe dewe’igan: "An instrument that makes the sound of mother earth’s heart." On its deer hide membrane, which was fixed around the instrument’s rim with the aid of a fur hoop, she had painted a yellow stripe that divided two halves, one red, one blue. Red is for the earth and blue is for sky, she told him. The yellow stripe, she told him, symbolizes bimaadiziwin (life), as it represents Giizis’ (the Sun’s) path from east to west. The drum is never to be used at night, she warned him, because the stripe indicates the path of Giizis – the passing of sacred time; therefore, she said, the drum is to be used only when the sun is out. She went on by explaining that “This here dewe’igan is the first of many dewe’iganan to come. He stands symbol for the Universe, and each dewe’igan will be related to every other dewe’igan, as they are linked in countless chains of dewe’iganan that together fill the Universe with their sound. They speak to one another, and they give their songs to all beings and energies that dwell the great sky lodge of the Universe.

Sky woman closed her eye for a moment, then pointed her chin in the direction of the drum and said: “The shape of the dewe’iggan is a reminder that everything in the Universe is round and that everything in nature happens in a circle. The spirits that were used to construct the dewe’igan, wood and hide and feathers, represent the virtues of TRUTH and KINDNESS and SPIRIT. A tree growing straight into the sky stands for truth, while the soft hide used for the drum's membrane is a gift from the deer, who represents kindness. The eagle feathers attached to the drum posts and the drumsticks are gifts from Migizi the eagle, and symbolize spirituality, as wel as the virtues and powers of wisdom, strength, and love.”

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Wenabozho's Creation Dance painting

"Wenabozho's Creation Dance"© 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to view a photo or canvas print of the painting.

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Next, Sky Woman blew her sacred breath into the dewe’igan and carefully put four sticks, their ends wrapped in hide, on top of the round instrument that stood in front of her grandson; each time she laid down a stick on the painted membrane Wenabozho heard a deep, resonant note that could be heard throughout the Universe. “These here sticks, called dewe’iganaatigoog or ‘drumsticks,’ she said, “are, like the drum itself, a sacred gift from the female world to the domain of men. They represent the four directions, as do the drummers and singers who take their place around the drum to make it sing.”

Sky Woman leaned toward her grandson, peering at him, frowning. Then she said with a serious tone of voice “Remember, noozis (grandson), that the drum is manidoowi (a spiritual being) like us and has a dual power once its membrane is touched by a dewe’iganaatig: The power to heal and the power to kill. The thoughts and intentions of the owner of a drum is directly felt in the world that surrounds them and influences the energy that exists there, either in a good or a bad way. So, it is important that you, as you are the first man who walks the earth, handle and safeguard the sacred feminine energy that is in these sacred objects with responsibility and care.”

After a brief silence Sky Woman continued, “I have called you here to assign you the task to, through the dewe’igan, use your powers to disperse the sound of mother earth’s heartbeat to all four corners of the earth and far beyond. I need you to gift the dewe’igan that you receive today, and convey the teaching that goes with it, to future mankind, once they start populating the great turtle planet called earth.”

Sky Woman, knowing the dewe’igan was safe with her grandson, ascended back into the sky, but not before she spoke her final words: “The drum is a spirit, a living being, and mankind will always honor and remember him and call him by his name, Gaa-gizhewaadizid, “The Gracious One.” Use the powerful gift that was presented to you today wisely, noozis. I trust that as you walk the earth you travel a spare, true road.”

And up she went, dancing in the calm, erect, and dignified manner of a spirit. Her makizinan moved lightly to the beat of the drum whom she had touched with her fingertips one last time, mingled with the twinkling sound of her dress that reminded Wenabozho of the comforting sound of falling rain. Even after she had disappeared, he could still hear her voice ring throughout the Universe:

Apane mikwendan
Giishpin biminizha’aman onowe
Gichi-dewe'igan gikinaamaagewinan
Giga-mino-bimaadiz wiiji’inenimadwaa
gidinawemaaganag.


(“Always remember
When you live according to
Teachings of the Big Drum
You will live a life of peace and harmony
With All of Your Relatives.")

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Sky Woman's Dance on the Great Turtle Island

"Sky Woman's Dance on the Great Turtle Island"© 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to view a photo or canvas print of the painting.

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Wenabozho, as soon as his grandmother had danced out of view and disappeared behind the moon, pondered her words for a while. “I will take heed of grandmother’s teaching” he said to himself, “and so must the men. The drum and the sticks are a gift to the men, but grandmother was right. Sitting at the drum entails a big responsibility. The men must always seek peace over war and always treat their spouses and children and grandchildren with kindness. They must never forget their roles and responsibilities in their communities and always honor the primacy of women and their role and place in the lives of the People. As soon as grandfather Giizis rises above the eastern horizon I will offer asemaa (tobacco) and wiingashk (sweetgrass) to the dewe’igan, and respectfully address him as Nimishoom Gaa-gizhewaadizid, My Grandfather the Gracious One.” Next, he covered the drum with a rabbit fur blanket and went to sleep. 


The following morning Wenabozho rose as soon as his spouse, the Morning star, rose in the eastern night sky. Chanting, he offered asemaa to the spirit of the Grandfather drum and smudged his membrane with wiingashk. As soon as the first rays of Giizis beamed from the East, he put on brand new makizinan (moccasins) and carefully stepped on top of the drum. He started to dance on the membrane, starting in the east in a circular, clockward motion. For four days he danced! At first, silently, in respectful imitation of the soft and steady heartbeat of the earthmother, in a quiet pace, thus filling the four corners of the turtle earth and of the Sky Lodge at large with the healing and revitalizing sound of the Grandfather. But then he gradually accelerated the tempo while he chanted sacred songs with a throaty and high-pitched voice that sounded across the Universe and beyond. Allowing the membrane to reverberate freely and loudly throughout the Great Sky Lodge, he danced with increasingly frantic dance steps, emulating a Thunderbird by uttering loud screeches and with alternating high steps and arm-flapping motions, until at last the drum produced a sound like the violent rumbling of a thunderstorm that comes from the mountains in the west, sweeping in from across the big lake with an immense cleansing power. Suddenly, he stopped, and on the morning of the fourth and last day of his sacred creation dance he slowed down his dance steps, bringing back the slow and steady heartbeat that he had started out with. When by the end of the day he looked around him and strained his ears, he noticed that Mother Earth’s heartbeat was in perfect sync with that of every other being that dwelled in the Great Sky Lodge around him…

Thus, Wenabozho, the grandson of Sky Woman, through his sacred dance, helped his grandmother to fulfill her vision. Through his dance, he empowered the beings of the Earth and the entire Universe with the revitalizing heartbeat it needed to become whole...

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Turtle Island Drummers painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

"Turtle Island Drummers"© 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to view details of the painting..

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Now, many strings of lives later, each Berry Moon (the month of July) the rattle of the zhiishiigwan (ceremonial shaker) and the pulsing sound of gichi-dewe’igan, the Big Drum with their unifying and healing powers still reverberate across Anishinaabe Aki, the land of the Anishinaabeg Peoples and Turtle Island at large. Thanks to the teaching of the Sacred Drum Vision that Sky Woman, through Wenabozho, imparted to us, we know and are fully aware that SOUND and MORALITY are the core and essence of our cultural and spiritual life and practice as manifested in our Medicine Lodges.

Geget sa go! Sure enough, thanks to Sky Woman and Wenabozho, the zhiishiigwan and the gichi-dewe’igan, like no other spirit instruments, teach us the value of mutual sharing with one another and with the natural world around us. They remind us as People and as individuals of our oneness with the Universe and of our dependence on nature and the spirit world. Consequently, on an earthly level, they teach us about the important principle of mino-gwayako-bimaadiziwin, living a good and honest life.

And even today we remember and honor first man and first brother Wenabozho for bringing us the teaching of Sky Woman’s Vision Drum and for showing us the importance, through the act of sound-making and dancing, of restoring and perpetuating the sacred balance that exists between the earth and all life forms. Thanks to him, we know that the heartbeat of the land we live on pulses within us all. And thanks to him we know how, by sitting at the great drum and chanting sacred songs, we can travel through all layers of existence and reconnect with the heartbeat of creation, nurturing our relationship with our relatives and with all beings of past, present, and futureseen and unseen, living in all directions. 


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NOTE:

*Zhinawinigan, or zhiishiigwan or rattle, is the first drum known to the Ojibweg. Since time immemorial, rattles, or shakers are used in rhythmic accompaniment to singing. The word is derived from zhiishiigwe, rattlesnake. Provided with a wooden handle and filled with small pebbles or shot (seeds), some zhiishiigwanan are traditionally made of birch bark strips shaped into cylinders (see the rattle sitting on top of the drum in the above video) while others are simply fashioned from hide stretched over willow hoops. The seeds inside a rattle, which symbolize life and the first sound that we hear in the early morning when plants pop (shoot seeds), symbolize the creation of the cosmos. A flat hoop, or drum-shaped rattle, sometimes called wiikaan ("brother") is used like a tambourine by a Mide doctor during healing practice. Mideg also use these rattles to “shoot miigis power” into an initiate or patient during initiation or curing rituals. Zhiishiigwanan, like many items used in daily and ceremonial life on earth, have a direct connection with the spirits in the sky world. Among the Ininewak (Cree), who are cousins of the Anishinaabeg and have pretty similar cosmological beliefs, the sound of the rattle heralds the song and the arrival of sikwun (ziigwan in our language), the star constellation that encompasses the star that we call Giiwedin Anang, the North Star (Polaris). The root word of Sisikwun/Zhiishiigwan is Sikwun/Ziigwan...Spring.

 


Wenabozho and the Gift of the Blueberries

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Spirit of the Seasons, part 10: Wenabozho and the Gift of the Blueberries


Miini-giizis (July 3, 2023)
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Wenabozho and the Gift of the Blueberries, painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Boozhoo!

Last night, in the early morning, another full moon has risen, indicating the start of what some of us call Miini-giizis: "Blueberry Moon." The image, a painting I did yesterday, depicts the 
Miziweyaabikizi-minii-giizis or "Full Blueberry Moon" shining her light on our friend and teacher Wenabozho, who, despite his infinite wisdom, feasts on the ripe blueberries. Well, "indulges" is a better description, because anyone who is familiar with the Wenabozho stories knows that he always tends to overdo things. He just doesn't know when to stop...

Below is a list of several names for the moon that is called "July" in dominant society. Anishinaabeg (Ojibweg) in different areas have always used different names for the moons; there are many variations in the dialects spoken. Also, since our culture and our language are traditionally intricately linked to nature, the names used are typically based on observations of natural phenomena, animal activity, and the cultural practices and beliefs of the given community. The common factor is the idea that the moons orient us to our calendar, the changing seasons, plant life cycles, and animal migration. What is equally important is that with each moon cycle, spiritual as well as moral teachings are involved, which are the fiber of Anishinaabe izhitwaawin (Indigenous culture and tradition).

Different names in use in Anishinaabe Aki (the land of the Anishinaabe Peoples) are:

Miini-giizis: "Blueberry Moon"

Miinikaa-giizis: "There Are Many Blueberries Moon"

Miinikewi-giizis: "Picking Blueberries Moon"

Ishkaninjiimini-giizis: "Unripe (Blue)Berry Moon"

Aabita-niibino-giizis: "Halfway Summer Moon"

Miskomini-giizis, Miskwiwmini-giizis: "Raspberry Moon"

Baashkawe’o-giizis: "Flying Moon"

Baapaashkizige-giizis: "Keeps Shooting Moon"

Madwezige-giizis: "Be Heard Shooting Moon"

Baashkaawe'o-giizis: "Hatching Moon"

Giizhibagaawi-giizis /Giizhibagaawi-biisim: "Be All Out in Leaves Moon"

Opaaskowi-giizis, or -biisim: Meaning unknown

Joolay-biisim: "July Moon"

Then there is a 8th moon (the eighth moon can fall in either July or August, depending on the year): Odaatagaamini-giizis: "blueberry/thimbleberry/blackberry Moon."

For more extensive reading on the subject of the berry moons, visit Spirit of the Seasons, part 1.

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Illustration: Wenabozho and the Gift of the Blueberries ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Magic Bow

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Stories from the Land of Crane and Turtle, Part 4: Wenabozho and the Magic Bow

Published: Miini-giizis (Blueberry Moon) ( (July 17, 2023) 
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Wenabozho and the Creation of the Path of Souls © 2012-2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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How the magic bow of the big warrior from Dinetah came in Wenabozho’s possession and how he lost it again - and created the Milky Way along the way. A contemporary traditional story told by Zhaawano Giizhik – with illustrations by Aaron Paquette and the author.

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Welcome back in My Storyteller Lodge...


Today, I will tell an awechigan (parable) about the need for humbleness; How the supernatural hero Wenabozho attained magical power but then lost it because of his laziness and vanity...

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Boozhoo! Biindigen miinawaa nindaadizooke wigamigong; enji-zaagi'iding miinawaa gikendaasong. Ningad-aadizooke noongom giizhigad! (Hello! Welcome back in my Storytelling Lodge where there is love and legends and teaching stories are told. Let’s tell a sacred story today!)

This blog story is another episode, the fourth in a series named "Stories from the Land of Crane and Turtle." The series features teaching stories that encompass the unique worldview and cultural perspective of the Anishinaabeg Peoples.

Today's story, a Wenabozho tale, is woven around a sterling silver bracelet (see the inserted image) handcrafted in my jeweler's studio and illustrated with several of my paintings - including a painting that I did a while ago, titled "Wenabozho and the Creation of the Milky Way" (see the above image) - to add meaning to the story and help making it visually attractive...

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Wenabozho's Bow silver and turquoise bracelet handcrafted by Zhaawano Giizhik

>Click here to view details of the bracelet________________________________

Part 1: Birth of the Great Hare

The story that I will relate today is about Wenabozho (“His Trembling Tail”)also known as Mishaabooz, the Great Hare. Wenabozho, who was born on an island at the outlet of Gichi-Anishinaabeg-gami (Lake Superior), lived with ookomisan (his grandmother) in a wiigiwaam¹ on the shore of the big lake. His mother, whose name was Wiininwaa (“Nourishment from the Breast”), had miraculously disappeared into the sky the instant he was born, never to be seen or heard from againso this is why his grandmother raised him.

After Wenabozho’s birth the people in the nearby summer village whispered that Wiininwaa died and disappeared from the face of the earth because she had faced the wrong wind after being warned by Nookomis not to face in such direction...

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Wenabozho's Conception painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho Ondaadiziwin ("Wenabozho's Conception"),  © 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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There are several theories about te origin of Wenabozho's name; it is very plausible that the name Wenabozho derives from an Ojibwe word meaning "His Trembling Tail." When you break down the name that Wenabozho's grandmother used to address her grandson with ("Nanabozho"; vocative form "Nanabozh"), you have the prefix n-. short for niin which means "my," and naning, or nining, meaning "trembling," and ozow, or onzow, which is the Ojibwe word for tail. The suffix w-, as in Wenabozho, is short for wiin which is a third-person pronoun; Wenabozo, therefore, possibly means "his trembling tail."His Trembling Tail could be a reference to timidity and unwillingness to take risks or responsibility; two of many human traits that Wenabozho possesses and reflects in his - extremely complex - character.

Aaniin igo, anyway! Wenabozho loved his grandmother a great deal. He would gather misan (firewood) for ookomisan, he brought her giigoonh (fish) and wazhashkwedowag (mushrooms) and ojiibikan (wild roots) and helped her pick miinan (berries) and trap the waaboozoog (rabbits) that lived in the underbrush. A good and dutiful grandchild he was! But he also had another side. In fact, he had many sides.

Geget sago, Wenabozho was truly not a typical man. It was commonly believed that Gichi-manidoo, the Great Mystery, entrusted him with the task to teach the People, and one of his first tasks was to name all the plants and animals and to teach the Anishinaabeg the curative powers of plants and mino-bimaaadiziwin: how to live a good, long, and prosperous life. Since he was sired by E-bangishimog (the Wind Spirit of the West) and born of an anishinaabekwe (woman) and thus aabitaa-manidoo (half spirit) aabitaa-anishinaabe (half human), he possessed tremendous abilities and strengths – qualities that people nowadays would regard as extraordinary but back in the days were accepted at face value and not thought to be very unusual at all.

The reason Wenabozho was so well-loved, therefore, were not his supernatural powers, but how he used them; the Anishinaabeg loved him, not just for naming the plants and the animals, but also for introducing medicine to cure the sick and, last but not least, for his tireless efforts and inclination to help little children, the poor, and the weak.

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Wenabozho's Journey painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho Babaamaadiziwin ("Wenabozho's Journey") ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik
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Part 2: Wenabozho the Mighty Creator and Shapeshifter

There was truly not much that Wenabozho could not do in order to help his People! He roamed freely with the spirits of the land, the sky, and the waters and had the ability to shapeshift at will into virtually any creature and form, including a rabbit or hare, a tree, or a rock! His creation of the second world after the first flooded, his role as securer of the right for the Ojibwe people to hunt and fish and as artist who showed them how to paint their dreams and visions on the rocks, and his embezzling of fire to give to his Grandmother which in turn gave fire to the Ojibwe people, are among the many things that made him the most beloved aadizookaan (supernatural character) in their aadizookaanan (sacred stories).

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Wenabozho the Mighty Hunter Shoots the Moose out of the Sky painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho the Mighty Hunter Shoots the Moose out of the Sky ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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He conversed with every creature in the Universe, inclusing those that live in the Sky. He mastered every language known among men and spirits. He even knew what the bineshiinyag (birds) were saying in their songs, and he was even known to walk among the stars and converse with the spirits that dwell there! There were so many things Wenabozho could do! He could run gabe-giizhig (from dawn until dusk); he could swim in the coldest of ziibiwan (rivers) and zaaga'iganan (lakes). Some say that his footsteps were so long that he could easily cross the widest gami (big lake) in one step! Ishte, some folks even claimed that they had seen him seize the lightning in his hands and that at his command terrible storms broke loose from their caves! Yet at the same time, on his command also, the gentle winds blew, the mountains became green and the flowers of spring bloomed everywhere…²

Mii gwayak, yes, this and many more things Wenabozho was capable of! All these things, and many more things, he could do so well that probably his greatest liability was his being unconscious of his many shortcomings and weaknesses…³

“What shortcomings and weaknesses are those, exactly?” you might ask. “I thought you just said Wenabozho was a good-natured fellow and a hero to his People?”

Haw dash, well now, if you really want to know… be sure to continue reading, nindinawemaaganidog

¹ Wiigiwaam: domed lodge covered with sheets of wiigwaas (birchbark)

² Source: Indian Legends of Canada, Ella Elizabeth Clark, McClelland and Stewart Ltd, 1960

³ Source: Whispers of the Ancients, Tamarack Song and Moses (Amik) Beaver, p. 84

 Nindinawemaaganidog: my relatives.

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Wenabozho and the Mighty Warrior from the South painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Mighty Warrior from the South ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 3: Nookomis' Assignment

Ahaaw sa, okay, this is how the story begins. So one morning Ookomisan said to Wenabozho: “Listen Nanabozh (because that was how she usually addressed her grandson), very soon you will meet a gichi-minisiinoo (big warrior) from a far-away land in the south who is making his way to the great lake in order to steal zhooniyaa (the silver) that Gichi-manidoo placed in the depths of the water to be of good use to the Anishinaabeg.

 “How will I know him nooko (granny)?” Wenabozho asked. “He will be tall and handsome and dressed in rich garments decorated with silver jewelry and stones the color of a clear blue sky,” Ookomisan replied. “But his most distinctive feature will be a richly decorated quiver that he carries with him holding a magic bow and arrows the color of zhooniyaa. So powerful is his medicine and so powerful his bow that he is known to shoot stars out of the night sky as if they were migrating birds. If you manage to stop this giant bowman, Nanabozh, the sacred zhooniyaa from the lake will be safe. Also, if you can make him hand over his magic bow to you, you will be forever successful in the hunt and invincible against the dreaded Wiindigoo and the Underwater Beings.”

“But remember Nanabozh,” grandmother concluded, “as soon as the magic bow is in your possession, be sure not to abuse and misuse its power but instead use it wisely to benefit your People.”

Wenabozho was now overly excited. He kept asking ookomisan many questions about the gichi-minisiinoo from the south – it was the bow his grandmother had told him about that particularly aroused his curiosity and stirred his imagination - but all that she told him was, “take your jimaan  and cross the great lake, then continue into southeastern direction, follow the waterways along the rapids and falls of Baawitigong,  then head south, then cross Naadowewi-gichigami  and there, on top of a large point of land that is covered with kettle-shaped stones and overlooks the lake, you will find the big warrior. He is on his way to our lake. You best hurry. Find him and stop him.”

 Wiindigoo: cannibal monster from the North. Mishiginebigoog and mizhibiziwag, serpentlike and catlike underwater spirits, guardians of the waters who control the moods of the lakes and rapids and currents. They are inveterate enemies of Wenabozho and of the Thunderbirds that live in the sky.
 Jimaan: canoe
Baawitigong: Place of the rapids, present-day Saut Ste Marie
Naadowewi-gichigami: Great Rattle Snake Lake, nowadays called Lake Huron

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Wenabozho Meets the Big warrior from Dinetah pen and ink drawing by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho Meets the Big Warrior from Dinetah ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 4: The Big Warrior from Dinetah

Since Wenabozho loved his nooko very much, he did as she had told him. He jumped into his canoe, and because he had powers that went beyond human capacities it took him only a few hours before he reached the opposite shore of the big lake. It took him another day to reach the southeastern shore of the Great Rattle snake Lake! After drawing his jiimaan up on the rocky shore he climbed on a high point of land that jutted into the lake. On top of the point, he sat down to rest a little. Then, taayaa! from the corner of his eye he saw a shadow of something big that made his heart skip a beat. A hundred feet away from him stood one of the most impressive warriors he had ever seen in his life!

As the gichi-minisiinoo, the big warrior, was walking toward him Wenabozho (who could be self-confident and even heoric, but also surprisingly meek when caught off guard) did something that lived up to his name; he started to tremble with fear - or was it excitement? Aanish, well, whatever it was that made einabozho tremble, the minisiinoo approaching him was exactly like Ookomisan had described him!

The gichi-minisiinoo walked with big steps toward Wenabozho and looked at him in the self-confident manner of a great warrior. Then he spoke in formal, somewhat mangled, Anishinaabemowin, with a strong accent that sounded strange (even in Wenabozho’s ears!):

“Aaniin Manabozh, Mishaabooz! Asiniiwinini niin nindizhinikaaz. Bikwakininiwag niin nindoodem. Wajiiwan miinawaa wiikwajitamaazowinan aki zhaawanong niin nindoonji.

(Greetings oh Trembling Tail, Great Rabbit! Stone Man is my name. I belong to the clan of the Arrow People.  I come from the land of mountains and deserts in the south).”

Wenabozho, without properly introducing himself, said to the stranger, “Daa, niwiijikiwenh geget sa onizhishi gi-mitigwaab. Shkomaa biish, ninga-gagwedaagibiinaa (“Well, my friend, truly handsome is your bow. Just hand it over to me, I wish to see how it pulls.”) The warrior replied, Aa, gaawiin! Gaa wiikaa awiya nindawi’aasii  (Ah, no! Never do I turn it over to anyone!) But Wenabozho, who could be very persistent, tried again, Aa, maanoo, nijiii, gaa na gegoo ajina!” (Oh, please chum, only just for one moment!”) “Gaawiin! No!” The stranger retorted, frowning. Wenabozho, thinking it wiser not to insist any longer, then said, “Aaniish naa ningwi, aandii ezhaayan? Well then my companion, where are you heading?”  He also asked the stranger how he knew his name, and what the wanted from him. Herupon the latter answered that he, like Wenabozho, spoke every language in the world and conversed with every creature in the Universe. Also, many people and spirits had already told him about the Great Hare, this great friend of the Anishinaabe Peoples who lived with his grandmother by the Great Sea called Gichigami. He informed Wenabozho that he had come to the north country on a special mission to find the silver ore buried in the Great Lake to the west, not far from where Wenabozho lived, and that he also wanted to test how brave Wenabozho was.

If Wenabozho could put him down, the stranger added, his life would be spared and the quiver filled with the magic bow and arrows would be his price; if not, his body would be chopped into pieces and thrown in the Great Rattle Snake Lake that lay in front of them, and the Anishinaabeg would be stripped of all the silver that lay buried in the great lake to the west.

“And even though you are a manidoo (spirit) in nature and essence and therefore gijichaak (your spirit) can’t be killed, I will make sure you will never again roam freely through the Universe like you used to,” the tall stranger, who clearly had a great sense of drama, added. “In order for you to prevent this you must wrestle me to death Mishaabooz; only by defeating me you will gain possession of my magic weapon and do great deeds with it that will help your People, who, I am told, depend on you for survival.”


 A large point of land: Kikonaang (Kettle Point), present-day Wiikwedong, Ontario

Anishinaabemowin: the Ojibwe language

 K'aa' dine'é or Arrow People: a clan of the Dine’ (Navajo)

 Source: Baadwewedamojig “Those that come sounding” 

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Aaron Paquette, Manitou Stone

Aaron Paquette, acrylic on canvas, Manitou stone  (With the permission of the artist)

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Part 5: The Star from Kikonaan


Upon hearing Stone Man’s words Wenabozho’s mind started to work quickly on how he might escape; the strange man from the south looked like a seasoned warrior and Wenabozho feared he was no match for him. Stone Man was much bigger than Wenabozho was, armed to the teeth, and obviously in possession of exceptional skills and magical powers that exceeded his. Then he remembered a story ookomisan had told him when he was still little, about a big stone – which the local Anishinaabeg called Anang, or Star – that was said to possess a temperamental, if not moody, nature. A long time ago this stone had fallen out of the sky and since then lay buried in the bottom of the Great Rattle Snake Lake. Wenabozho, the Great Hare, straigtened his back, looked Stone Man straight in the eye, and said:

Ningwi, my companion, you strike me as a mighty vain fellow who has not accomplished much in his life. Courage makes a man; it is not the richness of his garment, or the glitter of his weapons, or the eloquence of his words, that makes one a true man. Had you been a man of courage, you would carry the same amount of battle scars as I do. Instead, you waste my time trying to impress me with your jewelry and fancy bow and arrow that you carry around the way a gichi-gwanaaj-binesi (peacock) struts its tail feathers. You strike poses with a rather self-absorbed attitude, but your frivolous nature does not impress me nor do I think your spirit powers can rival mine. Life doesn’t consist of merriment alone. While I, Wenabozho, have challenged and used my warrior skills and magic powers to defeat many enemy warriors and monsters from the Underworld and from the cold north, you, niwiijikiwenh, have done nothing except showing off your weaponry and bragging about your big medicine. I therefore will not fight you. You are no match for me. Wa’aw mii’ow miinik waikidoo-an noongom. This is all I am going to say.”

Of course, Wenabozho’s words were like straight arrows, fast and penetrating the proud heart of the the tall and powerful warrior who came from the land of deserts and mountains to find the silver ore that lay buried in the depths of Gichi-Gami, the Great Sea of the Anishinaabe Peoples. Trembling with rage the stranger shouted at Wenabozho, “Aaniin danaa, what the heck! Name any warrior, and I will show you my strength. Name any danger and I will show you my courage. Name any spirit from the underworld or from the north country and I will show you my powerful Medicine. Name me any mighty adversary you can think of and I will kill them on the spot with my magic bow and arrow.”

Aaw niwiijikiwenh ” Wenabozho responded. No one has defeated the restless and moody Anang, who is a powerful and malicious spirit living at the bottom of this here lake. I can certainly handle him; but I would like to see what you can do with your bow and arrow. Aaniin igo, anyway, if you cannot defeat Anang with your weapon, hand it over to me and I shall do it for you!”

Hereupon the warrior from the south, who was truly not a fool, grinned and said, wa wa wa Mishaaboozoons! Oh my! My, my, my Great Little Hare! Do you really think I am that naive as to hand over my bow and arrow to you? You already asked me before and my answer is still 'no,' Anishinaabeg and manidoog alike warned me about your tricks. You’d best step aside niijii. I will do the job myself! And before Wiinabozho had time to blink twice the warrior took his silver bow and an arrow out of his quiver and shot the arrow with great force, straight into the lake. Oonyooy! The arrow, of course, awoke the angry spirit of Anang, which in turn awakened the dreaded serpents of the lake and made mizhibiziw, the horned underwater cat slash his tail, and the flood that was caused by this struck the high point of land where Wenabozho and Stone Man stood with such terrible anger and violence that poor Wenabozho was thrown to the ground!

Then Wenabozho, lying on the ground and still groggy from the forces that Stone Man’s arrow had unleashed, heard the sky open. It was his father the West Wind! Suddenly, there was horrible lightning. It was the flashing eyes of the Thunderbirds who responded to the violence from the depths of the lake. The Thunderbird’s voices boomed over the land called Kikonaan and far beyond. Hammering the western skies behind the clouds and hurling their fire arrows at the object of their anger, they swooped down, speeding at Stone Man (who stood his ground and kept shooting arrows in the lake) with their talons to kill him. Quickly Wenabozho, the Great Hare, knowing the terrible power of the animikii binesiwag, changed himself into a little rabbit and crawled inside a hollow wiigwaas (birch tree) uprooted by the violent trembling of the earth; there, he knew, he would be safe from the Thunderbirds, since they considered the birch as their relative.

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Wenabozho's Bow Silver cuff bracelet by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 6: The Magic Bow

Before Wenabozho could count to three, the battle between Stone Man and the Thunderbirds was over. The eyes of the animikii-binesiwag flickered off toward the heavens. Their voices faded. Wenabozho’s father rolled away the clouds and when Wenabozho peeked from his shelter in the fallen tree he noticed the lake was tranquil again and had regained its previous surface level. The stone named Anang, whose old battle spirit the Stone Man from Dinetah had conjured up by defying him with his arrows, had calmed down and sunk back to its abode on the bottom. Wenabozho looked about for Stone Man, and tayaa! Right where his antagonist had stood a few moments earlier shooting arrows in the lake, now sat a gichi-asin (big rock)! The rock had big cracks and was still smoldering from the searing fire from the sky.

Pieces of red-hot stone, which had been chipped off Stone Man’s petrified body, were flying like fireflies and still landing in the schorched-black grass in a wide circle around the rock!

Next to the smoking rock was the quiver the stranger from the south had carried on his back. It looked battered. Very quickly the Great Hare jumped out of the hollow tree and changed back to his human form and, heart throbbing in his throat, sped to the quiver; to his relief he found the beautiful silver bow and arrows to still be intact!

As he carefully took the shiny bow out of the dented quiver he saw from the corner of his eye that the cracks in the smoldering boulder were filled with the sky-blue stone that his grandmother had told him about and that he had seen the Stone Man from the south carry as adornments in his ears and strung around his neck and wrists. Since he, apart from being very cunning and resourceful, possessed great artistic skills (in fact he could be or do anything he wanted), Wenabozho took out a hard-bladed knife that he carried in his belt and expertly started cutting the blue stone out of the cracks in the scorched boulder. These nuggets he crafly fashioned into a set of earrings, a bracelet, and a necklace, which he then adorned himself withPleased with the result, Wenabozho picked up the bow and, deciding he should personalize his newly attained price, carved a stylized arrow flanked by arrow tips in it, which he then inlaid with pieces of the sky-blue stone. The arrow he gave two tips that pointed into opposite directions, symbolizing his man-spirit nature. As he looked at the result and, being mighty cheerful now, he started to sing to the bow and said, ambe! Anishinaabewishimon! (Come on! Dance Native style!). The bow here upon started to dance in front of Wenabozho’s eyes, who began to coo like an abinoojiins (baby)! After playing a while with his new weapon the Great Hare regained his serious demeanor and he started to evaluate the spring of the bow, and when he noticed it pulled finely, do some target practice on the kettle-shaped rocks that lay around him. To his surprise, hoowah! the arrow points effortlessly penetrated the hard rocks, silent witnesses of the once mighty warrior whom Ookomisan had put on his path…

Of course, Wenabozho being Wenabozho, he wouldn’t be himself if he heeded Ookomisan’s warning…

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Wenabozho and the Creation of the Path of Souls © 2012-2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Creation of the Path of Souls © 2012-2023 Zhaawano Giizhik
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Part 7: Grandfather Turtle and the Creation of the Milky Way


Feeling revived, his heart filled with confidence and longing to see his grandmother and tell her about his adventure with Stone Man, Wenabozho the Great Hare steered his jimaan across the Great Rattle Snake Lake and as soon as he had reached the northwestern shore, a gete-mikinaak (old snapping turtle) crossed his path. It was obvious, judging from the expression on his ancient face that this grandfather turtle was sulking. “Boozhoo nimishoo! Hello grandfather!” Wenabozho, who was still in hight spirits, said to the turtle, “you don’t look very happy to see me! What is the reason of your sadness?”

Feeling revived, his heart filled with confidence and longing to see his grandmother and tell her about his adventure with Stone Man, Wenabozho the Great Hare steered his jimaan across the Great Rattle Snake Lake and as soon as he had reached the northwestern shore, a gete-mikinaak (old snapping turtle) crossed his path. It was obvious, judging from the expression on his ancient face that this grandfather turtle was sulking. “Boozhoo nimishoo! Hello grandfather!” Wenabozho, who was still in hight spirits, said to the turtle, “you don’t look very happy to see me! What is the reason of your sadness?” “Aa, Mishaabooz (Great Hare),” said the turtle, who still looked as if somebody had rained on his parade, “it is all YOUR fault! The Great Mystery gifted you with powerful magic to give special powers and attributes to the animals and plants. Geget, indeed, when you helped creating aki (the earth) and called together all the birds and animals so as to give everyone their duty, you really outdid yourself. You told amik the beaver to build dams, aamoog the bees to make honey and baapaaseg the woodpeckers to play forest music; and so it went until all bineshiinhyiig (birds), andawensiig (animals), and giigoonhyag (fish) had been given their duties. 

However, you forgot to give ME anything, for when you gathered all bineshiinhyiig and awensiig and giigoonhyag I was swimming far below the lake surface and could not hear! This happened long ago but since I am a turtle, I never forget anything. But now it is too late, and I will be forever angry at the world, and with you in particular, for the wrong that was done to me. Baamaapii (Adieu).

Without further ado, the old turtle grandfather sank beneath the surface of the lake to sulk some more. Wenabozho, realizing the old turtle was truly very angry with him and fearing his stubborn and vindictive nature might cause problems, decided to make camp on the shore of the lake and see what would happen. For two days and nights nothing happened. Wenabozho killed time by playing with his magic bow, and during the second night, as he was making his bow dance, he suddenly got an idea. “Since I like to play at night and the nights are so dark, and since I am a mighty creator, why don’t I brighten up the night with a few more stars?”  he said to himself. He decided to test the magic power of the bow. The moment he started to shoot arrows in the air, owa! new stars appeared in the night sky! He created 10 new stars! But Wenabozho would not be Wenabozho if he had thought that sufficed. Still not satisfied, he reached for an eleventh arrow…but then his heart sank, as he realized he was running out of arrows fast. “Tayaa” he said to himself, “now this is what you call a dilemma eh! The sky is still too dark for my taste, but how can I create more stars without sacrificing more arrows?”

On the morning of the third day something happened that Wenabozho had already expected would happen; the gete-mikinaak, who was still angry for being left out by Wenabozho when he assigned each animal a specific duty, upon seeing a passing jimaan, shot to the surface of the lake. With the force of a tidal wave he upset the canoe, and the surprised Anishinaabe inini was knocked overboard!

The poor man swam for his life to the shore and as Wenabozho watched the turtle chase the Ojibwe he suddenly hit on a brilliant idea…he took the bow and one of the few remaining arrows out of the quiver, jumped into his canoe and quickly paddled into the direction of the turtle chasing the Anishinaabe and, when he was a few feet from the angry animal, he took a handful “anang-bingwiin” (stardust) that he kept in the magic medicine pouch that he carried around his neck and sprayed it on the water. Next, shouting on the top of lungs, 
hisht! Mikinaak!, he aimed at the turtle.

Mishi-mikinaak
, upon hearing Wenabozho’s booming voice and seeing him aiming at him, quickly dove into the water and was narrowly missed by Wenabozho’s arrow! As Wenabozho had anticipated, the Great Turtle, as he was diving, flung his mighty tail up in the air, and in doing this, atayaa! a great fontain of water was created! The anang-bingwiin turned the spray of water that was shot high into the sky into millions of stars…

Thus jiibay-miikana, the path of souls (Milky way), was created by Wenabozho, with the aid of Mikinaak the Mud Turtle (whose name literally means, "Making a Spirit Roadway")!…
[10] And from that day on, on clear nights, the Anishinaabeg, when they look up in the northern sky, observe Mikinaak the moody turtle from this story sitting halfway between Gaa-biboonikaan (Orion's Belt) and Giiwedin Anang (Polaris). And even today the Anishinaabeg remember that the celestial turtle (called Capella on the Western star maps) that shines high up in the night sky, is the teacher and interpreter of the Shaking Tent ceremony and represents their (Snapping) Turtle Clan on earth...

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Wenabozho Flies with the Geese painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho Flies with the Geese ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik
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Part 8: The Goose Hunt

Mighty pleased with himself, Wenabozho, the Great Creator, commenced his journey back to the shore of the big lake of the Anishinaabeg Peoples where Ookomisan, his grandmother, lived. Being true to his playful and adventurous nature, however, he took his time and ample of detours. From lake to lake, down rushing rivers, across hills and mountains and forests thick and thin, past cascades, and across the swampy marshlands he traveled. In the daytime, after drawing his jimaan up on the beach of lakes and rivers where he decided to stay overnight, or sometimes for a couple of days, he played with his silver-and-turquoise bow and used for target practice the countless fish in the waters and birds in the sky and at night he shot at the stars that now illuminated the once so dark night sky. In order to replenish his supply of arrows he looked for the strongest cedar trees whose wood he then expertly crafted into arrow shafts, which he then tipped with chipped points made of the blue stone that he carried with him, and fletched with sections of eagle feathers that he found on the beach. Some arrows he provided with a blunted end which he used for hunting birds and small game.

Then, one day, after many suns of travelling and many night-suns of shooting at the stars, Wenabozho paddled his canoe along the shore of the lake, toward the western end where the lake narrows at the approach to Gichi-gami, the Great Lake. He decided to spend the night on the north shore of Ishkonigan-minis (Sugar Island), which is not far from the rapids and cascades of Baawiting (the place of the rapids on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula).

The travelling and star-shooting had made the Great Hare hungry, and since he had a big appetite and didn’t feel like spending too much of his precious arrows on small game, he pondered ways to fill his empty stomach with the least possible effort.

Suddenly, he heard a great commotion overhead! He looked up and saw a flock of ikakoog (geese), wheeling overhead preparing to land on the bay in order to replenish their reserves before continuing on their journey south. With a great flurry and folding of wings the waterbirds landed on the water! Wenabozho, hurrying to the shore, felt his mouth watering at the thought of sinking his teeth in that delicious bird meat. He was so hungry that he could eat at least 30 ikakoog!

Realizing that if he dashed among them he would catch only one or two, he had tot think of a scheme to capture as many ikagoog as possible. Quietly, not letting the ikagoog out of his eyesight, Wenabozho went back into the forest. Here, he sought out a tall giizhik (cedar) and he peeled off strips of its bark. This he used to make a long rope. Then he slowly walked back to the shore and, after he laid down the quiver with bow and arrows on the beach, he slipped quietly into the water, being careful not to disturb the weary ikagoog. Quietly, he started to swim underwater toward the birds and once he was under them he carefully tied their legs together with his cedar rope. He made sure he tied each ikagoo to the next one, hoping he could pull them up all at once and drag the whole flock to the shore.

Initially, Wenabozho carried out his plan so cunningly and swiftly that the geese did not notice what he was doing. But, gichi-wiiyagaaj, bummer! Wenabozho wouldn’t be Wenabozho if his legendary greed didn’t get the best of him! True to his nature he just couldn’t be happy with a two or three geese! Of course he had to to tie up the whole flock of ikagoog!

Even supernatural heroes need to breathe once in a while, so moments before he had finished his job, he had to come up for air. This made such a loud whoosh that the ikagoog became alarmed! The ogimaa (leader) of the flock, whose legs happened to be tied to the middle of Wiinabozho’s rope, was the first to fly up and before Wenabozho could blink his eyes twice, the rest of the flock followed, and because they were tied togeher, oonyooy! they formed a V, and poor Wenabozho found himself dangling at one end!

Wenabozho, panicking, shouted Aieeeeeeeee! Niisnishing! Niisnishing daga! let me down! let me down please! but his shouting only made the geese beat the air more desperately with their strong wings. Realizing the hopelessness of the situation he had gotten himself in, Wenabozho let go of the rope when the ikagoog flew over a stretch of soft, swampy ground. With a loud thud he landed in a bed of oozing mud while the ikagoog continued on their way – as far away from their tormentor as possible.

Wild geese have been flying in a V formation ever since, as you can see if you look up into the autumn sky when they go calling past. And when you listen carefully you will hear a note of laughter in their cries as they mock Wenabozho for his foolish attempt to deceive them...[11]

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Wenabozho and the Giant Moose from the Sky painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Giant Moose from the Sky ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik
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Part 9: The Moose Hunt

Muddy, frustrated, and hungry, and also realizing that maybe one or two geese – instead of a whole bunch of them, let alone a complete flock - had been sufficient for him to feast on, Wenabozho picked up his bow and arrows where he had left them and decided to walk back into the island’s thick forest of cedars and pine to look for a deer, elk, or moose. After an hour walk, dusk had already settled in and the moon and the stars were out, he came to a big clearing. In the Fall sky the shape of a moose appeared, shining down on the hungry Wenabozho full strength. It was the biggest ayaabe (bull) he had ever seen in his entire life! Without thinking twice and with lightning speed Wenabozho shot an arrow into the direction of the moose. The moose,  head down, descended with the speed of a falling star, which led Wenabozho to think he was mortally wounded. But the Mishi-ishpiming-mooz (Big Sky Moose), somehow managed to adjust his freefall to correct his descent! Hovering above the treetops, his mighty antlers cast a giant shadow over the forest clearing where Wenabozho stood. Next, something happened that surpassed all logic!

Wenabozho, who despite his unfortunate adventure with the geese still had some of his magical powers intact, jumped up into the sky, far enough to stand face to face with the moose. Dancing above the treetops, his bow in one hand and three arrows in the other, the light of the moon disclosed to him the reason why the moose had not crashed to the ground. The arrow stuck in his flank, and a tiny stream of blood oozing from the wound indicated that the sky buck was only superficially wounded. With bewildered eyes, wondering what had hit him, Mishi-mooz looked at the strange fellow dancing in front of him, but his small brain could not grasp the meaning of what had happened, let alone what was going on in front of him. Then, his anger steaming from his nostrils, he said to himself: moowich! shit! I do not know what caused me to lose my balance up there, but I do know this: There’s that son of a gun Mishaabooz, covered in mud! I suppose I ought to make tracks, back into the sky, or that sly two-legged bully of a hare is going to talk to me! I have enough problems of my own, and he is the last person I want to speak to! Hereupon Michi-mooz started ascending back to where he came from, and not without reason, because sure enough Wenabozho - who had already forgotten about the painful lesson the ikagoog had taught him - called out to him, “Ah niikaan ayaabe, oh brother bull, hold up for a minute before you head back, I want to have a little chat with you!”

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Mishi-mooz, being the decent and kind-hearted soul he was, stopped right where he was, and as soon as Wenabozho, still dancing his silly dance, caught up with him he said, “How come you’re always trying to avoid me niijii? Don’t you ever want to talk to me? Are you scared of me? Am I not to be trusted?” Mishi-mooz, who didn’t trust Wenabozho one bit but was too polite to say it straight to his face, held his breath and said nothing. Then Wenabozho, pretending he was out of breath, said, “tayaa! oh boy! You should have seen the place where I just came from! There’s crazy folks with bows and arrows shooting stars out of the sky! It’s just too terrible for words what I just experienced.” And as he was talking, Wenabozho strung three arrows into his bow, and swinging his bow up and down and around from left to right and from right to left he said, “Those folks are aiming over this way! And they’re aiming over that way!” Suddenly he aimed one arrow right at the big ayaabe, and before the surprised colossus could jump away, Wenabozho shot him, straight into his heart. Within an eye-blink his heart was pierced by three arrows! The moose dropped down, and as his heavy body thumped on the earth, his last thoughts were, “sha naa, dammit! I knew I shouldn’t have trusted that giiminijaagan (bastard) Mishaabooz!"

The Great Hunter Wenabozho had deceived and killed the big sky moose! He was so mighty pleased about himself and his great hunting skills! He congratulated himself for being so clever and said, “Hoowaah! I’m going have plenty to eat for a while and I can save my precious arrows for some more target-shooting at the stars!” But of course, being Wenabozho, he wanted to eat as much of the great heap of food that was in front of him right then and there! So, without much further ado our hero took out his knife and started to cut up the mishi-ayaabe that had fallen out of the sky.

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Wenabozho's Thanksgiving painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho's Thanksgiving ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 10: The Offering

Being an expert hunter, he first looked for a big sheet of wiigwaas (birch bark) which he then put down on the ground. Then he cut up all the various parts of mooz and spread the chunks of moozowiiyaas (meat) on the birch bark. Next, he started a fire. He made a spit out of a slender tree branch, stuck it through a big prime chunk of meat and placed the meat over the red-hot fire. Next, he hung a wiigwaasi-makak (birchbark cooking pot) filled with meat over the fire, ready to simmer for the rest of the day. The fat he had cut off the meat he strung up in the lower branches of a nearby zhingob (spruce tree). 

Wenabozho, the Great Hunter, worked up quite an appetite! He could hardly wait for that nice steak to get done on the fire!  Finally, it was smelling good, and his stomach was rumbling away. “Wiishtaa taa haa! I can’t wait!” he said to himself. When it was done, he took the meat off the spit and, his mouth watering, sat down to have himself a real nice meal! But then, ay ay ay, alas! As he was just ready to chomp into his first bite, a stinge of remorse cut through his heart like an arrow. He suddenly realized that the mooz he was about to eat was truly no ordinary mooz! He, Wenabozho, the great creator of the star trail called River of Souls, had robbed the autumn night sky from one of its shiny beacons – the Mooz constellation! Instead of using his hunter skills and exploring the bush to look for a terrestrial moose, he had been so lazy and careless to shoot an easy target out of the sky…now, despite his appetite, he feared for the consequences of his impulsive deed…what will Nooko say when she finds out?Wenabozho, the Great Hunter, worked up quite an appetite! He could hardly wait for that nice steak to get done on the fire!  Finally, it was smelling good, and his stomach was rumbling away. “Wiishtaa taa haa! I can’t wait!” he said to himself. When it was done, he took the meat off the spit and, his mouth watering, sat down to have himself a real nice meal! But then, ay ay ay, alas! As he was just ready to chomp into his first bite, a stinge of remorse cut through his heart like an arrow. He suddenly realized that the mooz he was about to eat was truly no ordinary mooz! He, Wenabozho, the great creator of the star trail called River of Souls, had robbed the autumn night sky from one of its shiny beacons – the Mooz constellation! Instead of using his hunter skills and exploring the bush to look for a terrestrial moose, he had been so lazy and careless to shoot an easy target out of the sky…now, despite his appetite, he feared for the consequences of his impulsive deed…what will Nooko say when she finds out?

In a pensive mood and intent on easing his guilt, Wenabozho, as he muttered to himself “Hoowaah! Instead of eating the mooz I am eaten up with the guilt,” took his opwaagan (pipe) out of his gashkobidaagan (pipe bag) and lit it. He remembered something Ookomisan had told him about smoking the pipe and sending good thoughts out there. “When you puff smoke to all directions, noozis,” she had told him, “make sure to send good thoughts along with the smoke, and with a little luck they will become stars. This way, each time you look up in the night sky, your thoughts will not just be tiny meaningless lights, but guides that will travel with you as long as you walk the earth.” Wenabozho smiled, thinking back to Grandmother’s wise words, and thought by himself, “What if my thoughts turn into stars? What if I were able to return the spirit of the Mooz to his moozomii (trail) in the night sky? As soon as night falls, I will search the sky for the thirteen stars that make up the Mooz constellation!" 

Wenabozho sat down and smoked and allowed good thoughts to rise with the smoke of his pipe. With the speed of running hares his prayers traveled to the four corners of the earth and the sky world! Next, as an apology to the spirit of the mooz, he walked toward the moose's head that lay nearby in the grass and carefully blew puffs of smoke in his moozoshkiin (nostrils). Next, he hung the giant moose's head, to which he had tied two eagle feathers, from the strongest branch of the thickest mitigomizh (oak) he could find.

Feeling much better about himself, Wenabozho walked back to the cooking area and laid aside his opwaagan. Then, just as he was finally about to take a bite of the juicy meat, again a thought flashed through his brain. He suddenly remembered another lesson Ookomisan had taught him! “Whenever you hunt and shoot Gidinawemaaganinaan Mooz (Our Relative the Moose), never forget, after you cut him up, to hanghis omoodayaan(beard or "bell") from a tree! This way, you pay respect to the spirit of the mooz and, at the same time, acknowledge the presence of the mooz in the sky lodge! Always remember, noozis, as it is below, it is above, so always acknowledge and honor the ways things and beings of the above and below worlds are connected! Hanging the omoodayaan from a tree branch reflects how the stars hang from the sky vault, attached with invisible strings to the Great Mystery of the Universe that sits on top of the sky lodge…”

Sighing, cursing the fact that Grandmother’s wise lessons had a way of ruining his appetite, Wenabozho again laid aside the mouthwatering piece of moose meat and, thinking it wouldn’t hurt to appease the spirit of the mooz by a food offer,sliced off a little bit of fatty tenderloin. Next, hewalked back to the mooz's head and cut off the omoodayaan, after which he walked to the zhingob tree where he had hung all the moose fat. Figuring that the higher he placed the offerings, the closer they would be to the star world, he slung his bow over his shoulder and started to climb up into the tree - which wasn’t an easy task since he had to skip the lower branches, which sagged under the weight of the moose fat! Way up in the upper branches of the tree he climbed! As he placed the offerings where he thought they were closest to the stars, he said, “Haw dash, niin ishpiming inawemaagan! Owe miijin.” (“Well now, my sky relative! This you must eat!”) 

Of course, as he was putting down the food and tying the moose bell to the branch, a big gust of wind came up and moved the tree with such force that he lost his balance! Even the fat that he had put in the lower branches dropped to the ground! As he fell, just before he hit the ground, his bow that he carried on his back got stuck between the lower branches and he found himself helplessly dangling from the tree, his feet unable to touch the ground! Try as he might, his bow was seriously stuck and there was no way he could free himself! All he could do now was wait until the wind was going to come up again and make the branches let go of his bow…

He hung there for a great while, and as he was hanging up there, swinging back and forth in the wind, meanwhile repenting his sins while his tummy made terrible grunting noises, he noticed to his dismay that the smell from the moose meat that he had cooked and put out had attracted all kinds of awesiinhyag (animals) to his camp! All that poor Wenabozho could do was look down from where he was hanging and watch all the ma’iinganag (wolves), gwiingwa’aageg (wolverines), ojiigag (fishers), waabizheshiwag (martens), and waagoshag (foxes)  – enh, even the waawaabiganoojiinyag and enigoog (mice and ants) - feast on the meat he had prepared and arrayed with such great care! Atayaa! As they feasted, he yelled at them and cursed and threatened them, but to no avail! The awesiihnyag laughed at poor Wenabozho! So many times he had played tricks on them, but this time the joke was on him! So, they had a good feast and teased him, and said “Giga-waabamin Mishaabooz! See you later Great Hare!”

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Wenabozho and the Moose Head painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Moose Head ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 11: The Little Mouse

When the wolves, wolverines, fishers, martens, and foxes were long gone and only a handful of mice toddled around the camp searching for left-overs, the wind came up again. Wenabozho’s bow was released from between the entangled mass of branches, and he finally managed to free himself from his tight spot. As he walked around the tree, he noticed to his horror that the fire had died down and everywhere he looked were moozoganan (moose bones), picked clean by the animals. Even the moozaanow (tail) was gone! All that was left was mishi-mooz’s head hanging from the mitigomizh tree branch!

Trembling Tail looked at the big head dangling from the tree branch and he was so starved by then that he could eat just about anything! So he took it down and started to gnaw on the ojaash (nose) of the big head. Ay ay ay that wasn’t very good unless he cooked it, but he was too hungry to even bother rekindling the campfire! Then, he turned the moose head around, and he looked inside of there. It was too dark to see but he figured that there must be some nice-looking brains still way in there inside the moose head! And he said to himself, “Tayaa, oh boy! How would I love to set my teeth in those juicy moose brains!”

And he tried to stick his hand in there, but the head was too big and his fingers wouldn’t reach it. He tried sticking his tongue in there as far as he could - he just couldn’t reach those juicy brains that he knew were in there inside that moose head!  He said, “Sha naa! How am I going to get those out of there?” Then, as he noticed the ookweg (maggots) had eaten away the moose’s eyes he took his bow and stuck it in one of the eye sockets, poking around in there hoping to winkle out those nice juicy brains. But oonyooy! Again, the bow got stuck! This time inside the big moose’s head! Wenabozho, patience not being his strong point, braced his foot on the moose’s head for support as he, grunting and sighing, tried to wrench it loose. He felt the bow slowly begin to give, but it was too slow to his taste, and, being hot-tempered as usual, and unaware of his muscle strength that was quite extraordinary, he started to wrench more forcefully, but then, tayaa! the bow – although it was very powerful and could bear a great burden - broke in two pieces and poor Wenabozho fell backwards, iyoo! flat on odiy (his butt)!

For a while he sat there, dazed and confused, looking at his broken bow, and it slowly dawned on him that his magic bow that he had obtained from the tall stranger from the South was damaged beyond repair…tayaa, what will nookomis say? he thought to himself. “If you can make the gichi-ogimaa from the South hand over the magic bow to you, you will be forever successful in the hunt and invincible against the dreaded Wiindigoo and the Underwater Beings,” she had told him… Maybe I best not tell her about the bow, he said to himself…

Then he noticed his growling stomach, and he thought to himself, “the day is almost over, I must find a way to get to those moose brains or I will starve and never see nookomis again.” More desperate than ever Wiinabozho, the Great Hunter, looked down and there he saw a waabiganoojiiyens,a little mouse, going along in the grass. "There is that Wenabozho," the mouse thought by himself, "he always thinks he's so clever! Wait, I will give him some more brains to chew on, heh heh."  

“Boozhoo niikaan” he said to the mice, “Hello cousin!” “Can you help me?” he said. “I need some help!”

The mouse stopped right where they were and, with his most innocent snout, glanced up to Wenabozho, who still sat there in the grass, looking desperate and defeated because the trauma he had just aquired (his magic silver-and-turquoise bow breaking in two pieces) made him feel powerless; it seemed as if his supernatural powers had left him just when it mattered the most! Ay ay ay! He could not even change himself into a hare anymore like he used to! Or into a little rabbit or mouse for that matter!

Aaniish, well, I am just a waabiganoojiiyens, what am I supposed to do Mishaabooz? Gaawiin geget! I can’t help you! You know I'm too small!” the cunning little mouse said. Wenabozho, true to his manipulative nature, responded, “Geget niikaan, gidaa-gashkitoonaawaa na gaye niin i’iw ji-iniginiyaan eyaniginiyeg? You have some magic you can do cousin! Surely you can make me small like you are?” And the mouse said, “Aa, gaawiin geget! I don’t think so! Ozaam gi-mindid Mishaabooz, you are just too big, Great Hare; I could never make you as small as I am!” But the mighty hunter and warrior Wenabozho, who was known all over Turtle Island to have battled and defeated many powerful enemies and monsters that dwelled in, on, above, and underneath the earth and the lakes, said in his most whiny voice, “Aa, daga, daga! Oh, please, please! I’ll do anything! Please help me to get into the head of the moose!”

Waawaabiganoojiinh, the little mouse, feigned to pity the great Wenabozho and he said, “Ahaaw isa, all right then. I will use our mouse magic and make you small enough to be able to climb into the moose's head; maybe then you would be able to reach those brains! Aaniin igo! However! You have to remember that you can’t climb too far in that skull or move around too much in there or else the spell is going to be broken!” “Geget, geget, booshke giin! Yeah, yeah, whatever! Whatever it takes!” said Wenabozho, who now grew really impatient. The little waawaabigonoojiih, who had positioned himself on top of the moose's head then worked his magic and shrunk Wenabozho to the size of an enigoo (ant) ..He then climbed into the opening in the bottom of the skull. He climbed it in there as far as it would go and the little mouse warned him once again, “Bekaa go wiisinin, make sure to eat slowly.”

Wenabozho tried to get in the moose head as far as he could, stretching his neck to reach the brains. “Gego ombikweniken,” he heard the mouse saying, “Do not lift your head!” But of course, Wenabozho would not be Wenabozho if he had heeded Waawaabiganoojiinh’s warnings, and being greedy as usual, he lifted his head too high in his attempt to reach those juicy moose brains. And all of a sudden, he sensed that the moose head was shrinking rapidly. The mouse used his magic to shrink the size of the big moose's head to that of a regular mooz! Panicking, Wenabozho moved backward in an attempt to prevent from getting stuck in that dark hole of a moose head! He managed to wrestle and wiggle his body back through the opening but, tayaa! Wenabozho’s head remained stuck fast inside of the moose head! Try as he might, his big head was seriously stuck and there was no way he could free himself!

Trembling Tail, now panicking, got up off the ground as fast as he could, and he lifted the moose head up! That made the Waawaabiganoojiinh giggle, it was truly an odd sight to behold! Wenabozho, not knowing where he was going, tried hard to keep the moose head from falling over; then, as he was stumbling around like a headless chicken (or rather, a mooseheaded demi-spirit), bang! He ran into something.

Awenen giin?”  he spoke. “Who are you?” To this he was answered, “Always on the ridge do I stand.” “Aa,” Wenabozho said,”You must be Wiigwaas (birch tree).” “Giiyak’go!” answered the birch, “Niin wiigwaas sa.” A birch tree it was. And Wenabozho said, “A’aam zha, miigwech, okay, thanks.”  He stumbled along trying to keep up to the big heavy moose head, and bang! He ran into something else! He almost got knocked right over backwards! He got back up and said, “Awenen giin?”  And to this he was answered “Always on the hillside do I stand.”  And Wenabozho said, “Aa! You must be Zhingob (pine tree) then!” “Giiyak’go! That’s me, niin zhingob sa,” said the pine tree. “A’aam zha, a’aam zha, onjida,” mumbled Wenabozho, okay, okay, thank you greatly.”

He stumbled on, and this time he felt like he was running down a hill. Faster and faster he went! He could hardly keep up with that heavy moose head, and then, bang! Once again, he hit something! This time he got knocked right over backwards! He almost got knocked right out! He said, “Aaniin danaa, awenen giin?? What the heck! Who are you??”  And to this he was answered, “Always by the water do I stand.” “Oh well you must be Maanazaadi (balsam poplar) then”, said Wenabozho.” “Giiyak’go! That’s me, niin azaadi sa,” replied the poplar tree. “Mii sa besho jiigibiig indayaamidog,” answered Wenabozho, “Then close to the edge of a stream or lake must I be.” “Enh geget sa go noozis” replied the poplar, “Certainly so, my grandchild.” “Miigwech nimishoomis, thank you my grandfather,” Wenabozho said, “Nimaamendam, excuse me, but I must keep going.”

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The Moose Hunt painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

The Moose Hunt ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 12: The Moose Sturgeon

By now Wenabozho realized he was going out into the water of the bay, and not only that, but he was going deeper and deeper! As he was desperately swimming and paddling to keep the moose head up and keep from falling over, he heard somebody calling from a distance away. It happened to be that on that day, some gogoonyikewininiwag (fishermen) armed with spears headed out into the lake into their canoes to hunt for Na-me (sturgeon).

Ha!” Wenabozho heard them shout, “Nashke gosha ezhinaagozid wa’aw name. Wadakani’ind igo moozong ezhinaagozinid wadakani! Hey! Look at how this sturgeon looks! He has horns like a moose, he has horns like him!” Wenabozho heard the fishermen come closer and he tried to paddle and swim as far and fast as he could away from the approaching canoes, and then one of the gogoonyikewininiwag shouted,“Let’s go get him!” And before he knew it, they speared him! A big spear almost penetrated the moose’s head! Ay ay ay!

Now, all the gogoonyikewininiwag in their canoes surrounded poor Wenabozho, and they said, “Hoowah! It really does have horns! So this adizookanaa giigoonh, this magic fish spirit is a manidooname (sacred sturgeon)! We’d better let him go his way!”

Then the men smoked and put asemaa (tobacco) on the water. After they smoked, they went their separate ways, leaving Wiinabozho, who kept his breath and tried to move as little as possible until the gogoonyikewininiwag were out of sight. Then, when he thought he was safe, he swam and paddled on, hoping he could make it to the other side of the lake.

As he was floundering along, ay ay ay! He noticed that another group of Anishinaabeg, who were out hunting moose, approached him in their canoes, and he heard them say, “Hey look at that mishi-mooz out there on the water! Someone threw a spear in its head! Let’s go get him! Tayaa! We’re going to have some mino-moozowiiyaas to eat today! Tayaa!”

Quickly Wenabozho turned about and swam for his life, back into the direction of the island, and just when he thought he couldn’t go any further, he felt ground under his feet. Out of breath he stumbled onto the island shore. The nandomoozwewininiwag (moose hunters) who had chased him in their canoes saw to their amusement the moose head housed no one else than Wenabozho, their beloved spirit hero! The nandomoozwewininiwag cheered at Wenabozho and they had a big laugh! But Wenabozho, the Great Hare and hero of the Anishinaabeg Peoples, he kept on running, but gichi-wiiyaagaaj! He slipped on some slippery rocks! He fell, and the moose head hit a big rock and split right open! Finally, he could see again!

Wenabozho, who never before in his life had been so tired and humiliated, as he stumbled ahead on the shore, started to laugh! He said, Waahowaa! We’re going to have some mino-moozowiiyaas (good moose meat) today! – Ishte! Gaawiin ningodano Wiinabozh – Aha! I don’t think so Wiinabozho! Ay ay ay! Nibagandiz! I am a stupid! What will Nookomis say! Ay ay ay!  What will Nookomis say!

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Wenabozho and the Bear painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Wenabozho and the Bear ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik

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Part 13: The Angry Bear

And as he was running, he shapeshifted himself into a big hare so he could run even faster. He ran right through shrubs and bushes that lined the river and he was in such a hurry to return to Nookomis’ camp that he didn’t notice a big makade-noozhek (black female bear) that was squatting down in a field of waabigwaniin (flowers) and miinagaawanzhiig (blueberry bushes), eating berries. When he bumped into something soft and furry it was too late…the bear, annoyed at the disturbance, the moment she realized it was Wenabozho who had run into her, remembered how the Great Hare had once, rather discourteously, roused her from her winter sleep and whacked her nose, now grew really angry at the unpleasant memory. Growling with anger she began to chase Wenabozho as fast as her bulk permitted! But Wenabozho would not be Wenabozho if he didn’t take advantage of the situation at hand (after all, he was still mighty hungry, and those juicy berries were within reach)! With his mouth full of miinan, flowers and butterflies flying around everywhere, and the angry makade-makwa (black bear) close behind him, the Great Hare, his nose quivering and his long ears flying, raced along the bank of the river in the direction of the Great Lake whose water he saw shimmering in the distance. After he had, hastily, swallowed most of the berries, he quickly grabbed a handful of stones and threw them out into the water of Gichi-gami. Using the little magic power he had left, he made the stones grow larger and before his eyes they multiplied and turned into a long bridge of stepping stones across the great lake!

Quickly Wenabozho skipped to the other side and once he was sure he had left the angry makade-makwa behind him, Wenabozho sighed with relief at the narrow escape. Of course, Wenabozho being Wenabozho, he was mighty pleased with his own cunning tricks - but still he kept on running; he ran and he ran and ran, exclaiming, Ay ay ay! Nibagandiz! I am an idiot! I wish I had my magic bow! What will Nookomis say! Ay ay ay! What will Nookomis say! until he finally reached Ookomisan’s camp…

Mii sa ekoozid. Miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidibaajimotoon wa’aw aadizookaan. And that is the end of the story. Thank you for listening to me today, for allowing me to relate to you this traditional tale. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon.

Mino bimaadizin! Live well! Migwechewendan akina gegoo ahaw! Be thankful for everything!


> Read part 5 in the series

Star Stories, part 32: Is There a Creator?

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Does the Creator Exist?

Published: Miini-giizis (Blueberry Moon) ( (July 27, 2023)

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The Origin of the Shaking Tent painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Does a Creator really exists? Well, the answer to that question depends on whom you ask. People sometimes ask me why I never use the word "Creator." I answer them, "that's because I'm no Christian, or Muslim, nor am I an orthodox Jew. 'Creator' is not an Indigenous concept. To me, aki, the world as we know it, is infused with manidoo, spirit, or 'mystery' if you will. It is the manidoo in the galaxy that flows and pulsates inside and throughout all life on the aki. Life, existence, that what we call bimaadiziwin. started in the galaxy. Our origins lie in the anang akiiwan, the star world. The manidoo that is in all things and beings alive created itself. There is simply not one 'Creator' that created the world and everything in it (unless you want to believe it, of course). All there is, is manidoo.

This manidoo does not only live inside beings and things. Our aadizookanan, our sacred stories, are infused with the same manidoo as well. Our stories, as soon as we share them, become manidoog (spirits) themselves; they become "alive" within those who receive the story. They transfer manidoo, spirit, and generate bimaadiziwin, life. They become sacred stories! They, too, have their origin in the stars. They are written in the everlasting stars so we can never forget the truth of our existence."

This, of course, is my personal view. But that is what I (basically) tell them.

See also part 8 in the series: Our Clans Among the Stars, Chapter 1


Illustration: "Our Origin" © 2022-2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. See the webshop for order details.



Teachings of the Eagle Feather: Fill Our Spirits with Goodness

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Teachings of the Eagle Feather, part 12: "Fill Our Spirits with Goodness"

Published: Miini-giizis (Blueberry Moon) ( (July 27, 2023) 


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Turtle Island Drummers painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

"Turtle Island Drummers" painting by Zhaawano Giizhik ©2023. Visit the website to order a photo print or canvas print. 
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Giizhigoong w'da debweweshin, n'dewewiganim. Aandi endanii'ag?  

"My drumming shall resonate in the sky world. Where is it that you all dwell?"
 

- Ancient Midewiwin invocation to the spirits of the sky.
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The Circle and the Four Directions 

"The circle is central to our tradition. The Creator sits in the East. Yellow is the colour for that direction; the sacred herb is tobacco; the animal is the eagle. Red is the colour of the South which is the place of all young life, of the little animals; the sacred plant is cedar. The West is the place of life; its colour is black and the sacred medicine is sage. All the healing powers come from the North; its colour is white; sweetgrass comes from there; and that is where the sacred bear sits.”

- Leland Bell (Bebaminojmat/He Who Goes Around Talking of Good Things)


Ojibwe Medicine wheel



Let us weave a sacred story: A special prayer to the North...

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Watching the Grandfathers Dance, painting by Zhaawano Giizhik
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Migizi, the White-headed Eagle

Boozhoo!

Today I will, again, share with you a sacred story woven around one of my sets of eagle feather rings. In addition, the story, part 12 in the series already, features illustrations that I recently created to add a visual and spiritual appeal to the story.

Now, let me tell you a little bit about today's blog story. Like many stories that I have been sharing in the past, the story of these rings and the paintings that feature today’s blog story has been told by countless storytellers who came before me. Although the subject matter of my tales is quintessentially “Anishinaabe” (as it is deeply rooted in the collective memory and cultural consciousness of my People), I nevertheless hope that my narratives - as I am an artist and a writer aiming to touch everyday lives and relationships through my work -, also tell a story that is universally understood to us all, no matter our beliefs or where we come from.

Gold eagle feather wedding rings titled A Good Way of Life

The color and the shape of this particular set of two-tone, white MIGIZI, the white-headed eagle, has always been regarded by the Ojibwe Anishinaabe People as a mediator between Earth and Sky and a living Prayer to the Great Mystery. Migizi, to me, is therefore the ultimate embodiment, and his feathers a powerful reminder, of our responsibility to live in balance with natural law and in cooperation with all life forms.and yellow, gold eagle feather wedding rings that I introduce in this blog story symbolize a special prayer to Giiwedin, the Spirit of the North. I like to think the rings are a living prayer to aya'aabitameg giiwedinoong, the benevolent spirits that dwell in the cold domain of biboon, the winter.

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Living the Mashkikiikewin Life painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Living the Mashkikiikewin Life, painting by Zhaawano Giizhik © 2022-2023. Visit the website to order a photo print or canvas print. 

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To live a good and upright way of life

I titled the rings mino-inaadiziwin. Literally meaning “a good, or upright way of life,” this name is inspired by an old ritual invocation of the aadizookaanag (spirits of the Universe) uttered with magical intonation and intent by members of the Midewiwin, the Spiritual/Medicinal Lodge of the Anishinaabeg Peoples. 

Rattling their turtle-shell cymbals and chanting the ancient song, the Mide Healers, as they walk four times around the Ceremonial Lodge, request the spirit-grandfathers that dwell in all four corners of the earth to fill their hearts and minds with goodness so that they may lead upright lives; it is a ritual plea for spiritual help, to grant the singers with powers that they use for healing purposes, and, more in general, a passionate appeal to bestow blessings, goodwill, and fortitude on the People as a whole.


Minode-izhiwishinaang

Ji-mino-inaadiziwinaangen.

"Fill Our Hearts With Goodness 

So That We May Live Upright Lives."

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A Good Way of Life, Native American-inspired eagle feather wedding rings designed and handcrafted by jeweler Zhaawano

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Eagle feathers carrying prayers to the North and a special blessing to a married couple

The stylized, yellow gold eagle feathers mounted on ring shanks of white gold symbolize spirit, and prayer. They represent, in particular, a special blessing to two companions travelling the Road Of Life; similar to the blessings that the Sun and the Thunderbirds, two “grandfathers” whose appearances and medicine powers are connected with spring, summer, and the south, bestow on nature during the warm moons of the year.

The eagle feather of the ladies’ ring is provided with a distinct counterpoint: a marquise-cut blue sapphire, placed asymmetrically in the side of the eagle feather. The sparkling gemstone, which protrudes somewhat slantwise from the feather, seems to point at Giiwedin, the north, which, as mentioned before, is the cold domain where wise spirit-grandfathers reside.

The twisted wire adorning the feathers represent braids of Wiingashk (northern sweetgrass), which the Anishinaabeg regard as a sacred plant that symbolizes the hair of Mother Earth and the northern direction; it is traditionally used in prayer and for smudging in purifying ceremonies by all the Original Peoples of Turtle Island.

Giiwedin, the northern direction, being an essential part of Life’s Circle, symbolizes the kind of wisdom that can be found with the Elderly persons, who traditionally are the wisdom keepers and the spiritual and ceremonial backbones of our communities. The North, which is known to give answers through dreams, represents both dibikak the night (particularly giizhigaate, midnight) and biboon the winter - whose nature can be as capricious and unpredictable as dreams.

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A place of self-reflection and healing

But Giiwedin - which literally means "homecoming" - is not just a place of cold, sickness and death; good things come from the North too! It is also a place of remembrance and rest, of self-reflection and honoring the gichi-ayaag or Elder Persons, the oshkaabewisag or pipe carriers, the keepers of the Lodges of the Midewiwin and Waabanoowiwin and, of course, the ayaadizookedjig and debaajimoodjig, the traditional storytellers and chroniclers of our Nations. Giiwedin is a time of looking back and passing on one's life experience onto the younger generations in a good way. 

Giiwedin, in short, is not just a place of suffering but also a place of healing, and a time of spirituality and purity…

Giiwenh. So the story goes. Miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidaadizookoon. Thank you for listening to me today. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon.

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Zhaawano Giizhik, writer, jeweler, and Native woodland artist
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My name is Zhaawano Giizhik. My clan is waabizheshi, the marten.

As an American artist and jewelry designer currently living in the Netherlands, I like to draw on the oral and pictorial traditions of my Ojibwe Anishinaabe ancestors from the American Great Lakes area. For this I call on my manidoo-minjimandamowin, or "Spirit Memory"; which means I try to remember the knowledge and the lessons of my ancestors.

The mazinaajimowinan or ‘‘pictorial spirit writings’’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos.

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the coastline where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet. It is these age-old expressions that provide an endless supply of story elements to my work; be it graphically, through my written stories, as well as in the context of my jewelry making.

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Teachings from the Tree of Life: Looking into the Healing Mirror

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Teachings from the Tree of Life, part 1: "Looking into the Healing Mirror"

Published: Miini-giizis (Blueberry Moon) ( (July 31, 2023) 

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The Healing Mirror, Woodland Art painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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"When confusion sets into your life, you have the ability to choose another branch from the tree of life and follow that branch towards discovery. When you stand back and take a good look, you have so many branches to choose from."*

James Mishibinijima (painter)

"Sometimes the most painful lessons in life are delivered by someone masquarading as a soulmate."

- Steve Maraboli (writer)

"Intimate relationships are perilous because of the exposure and lack of control they involve. Being seriously wronged is a constant possibility, and anger, therefore, a constant and profoundly human temptation. If vulnerability is a necessary consequence of giving love its proper value, then grief is often right and valuable. It does not follow, however, that anger is so."**

- Martha Nussbaum, philosopher

“I imagine one of the reasons people cling to their hate so stubbornly is because they sense, once hate is gone, they will be forced to deal with pain.”

- James Baldwin, writer

"We have two brains: the one in your head and one in your heart. We as Nehiyawak (Plains Cree) think from the heart. The Mooniyaw (white man) speaks from the brain because of the education system, and we were taught that way in Residential School. But everyone is capable of thinking from the heart. The idea is to move that person from the head back to the heart."

Patrick Buffalo, horse therapist

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Boozhoo, aaniin!

Welcome to part 1 of my blog series titled Teachings from the Tree of Life, in which I connect the storytelling art of myself and kindred artists with an old Teaching that has been passed down to us by countless generations of ancestors, from the time the Anishinaabe Peoples still lived in the old Dawn Land along the borders of the Atlantic Ocean. The story that I tell today is a retelling of an account that I originally published in March 2017, when I was still caught - or rather, strangled - in a problematic relationship. Today's story  features a painting, which is a recent version of a painting that I did in 2012, titled Wenabozho and the Storytellers' Mirror. This painting marked the beginning of a fruitful, 4-year lasting artistic collaboration with painter artist Simone McLeod, originally from Pasqua Nation in Saskatchewan. 

Countless tales have been spun around the mystery of the Storyteller's Mirror, and although the relationship and artistic collaboration  have come to an end, the stories continue to grow... 

Today's Teaching focuses on dealing with abusive relationships and broken friendships and the pain that comes of breached trust, a trauma that can forever change a person's life.

In some relationships, hurting the other becomes a person's habit. It's poison, it kills. When one soulmate destroys the other because their inner child is broken, it emotionally hollows out the one who is betrayed and left behind. The damage caused by the breakdown of the once intimate relationship is internal and goes deep; it goes to the very core of who we are. The betrayal literally kills the universe of the person who is being betrayed. It literally kills that person. The one who does the killing is only able to feel their their own pain and moves on without feeling remorse about what they did to the other who had initially put all their heart and trust and faith in her/him.

I genuinely believe that a partner constantly finding fault in their soulmate and systematically projecting their negativity and narcissistic victim syndrome on the other, destroys much more than just his/her heart. Traumas and syndromes cause more traumas and syndromes, and it has serious Universal implications. The pain and the hurt caused by this type of relational abuse hurts our People at large and every living thing in nature and the harmful effects reverberate and leave scars throughout all of the Universe.

How can we heal the trauma? Will we, as individuals and as a collective, ever be able to heal the scars? How do we detoxify and purify our tattered minds and spirits and find back the Way to the Heart?

Let's have a closer look at the (Greek) word "trauma."

The literal meaning of the word trauma is "wound."

We must find ways to put balm on the wound that keeps causing such great pain. I believe ceremony can be the balm on the wound.

Confucius said: To put the world right in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must first put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must first cultivate our personal life; we must first set our hearts right.

With that in mind, I believe that what is needed to set our hearts straight is to, individually as well as collectively, understand our original purpose and responsibility to Gookomishinaan, our Mother Earth. But before we can reach this basic understanding, in order to heal a traumatized mind, a sense of belonging has to be established in our hearts. Our ceremonies, which aim at (re)creating this sense of belonging, trigger this process, are the binding psychological factor in this process of reconnection with the earth. The healing does not lie in abstract ideas about Gookomishinaan. It lies in econnecting with family of past and present. Healing is a step-by-step process, and we must begin somewhere. It starts with ceremony.  We must first put balm on the wound. Ceremony, and our storytelling traditions, are the balm on the wound.

And let's not forget our language. The importance of knowing or at least having a basic understanding of anishinaabemowin is often underestimated. Without it there is no true understanding of our stories and ceremonies. Without our stories and ceremonies there is no healing. Without healing there is no true understanding of our original purpose and responsibility to mother earth.

When asked about his first steps on the Traditional Path that had been blazed by his ancestors, Anishinaabe Elder David Courchene/Niigaani Aki Inini from Sagkeeng First Nation reserve, a spiritual teacher and founder of the Turtle Lodge, answered that in his late-adolescent years he had the foresight to turn to ookomisan (a grandmother). She saw right through him and said to him:

"You have a lot of anger in you, and that is not the way to live. With anger, you will darken your heart, and you will poison your blood. We want you to have a free spirit, but that spirit has to be grounded with values that make you a good human being. So we will begin by taking you to the beginning."

David was in his early 20s when he took his first step into a Sweat Lodge.

"(Going to a Sweat Lodge) was the beginning of my journey," he says. "It was the beginning of knowing who I was."

To me, David Courchene's testimony is a beautiful example of the importance of returning to the ancient lessons and ceremonies of the gete-ayaa'ag, the ones who walked the land before us. We, as individuals as well as People, are in dire need of the healing mirrors that were passed on to us through storytelling and ceremony and through our language, now more than ever. We must set our hearts right and we must find the right ways to do this. There is much to be learned from our Elder Persons who are still among us and who survived many battles and storms in their own lives. We must be strong.

I must be strong.

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*Excerpt from Mishmountains Blogspot, "Teachings from the Tree Of Life."

**Excerpt from Brain Pickings. Philosopher Martha Nussbaum on Anger, Forgiveness, the Emotional Machinery of Trust, and the Only Fruitful Response to Betrayal in Intimate Relationships.

Illustration: "The Healing Mirror," ©2023, Zhaawano Giizhik



Teachings from the Tree of Life: The Purpose of Life

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Teachings from the Tree of Life, part 3: "The Purpose of Life"

Originally published: Abitaa-niibini-giizis (Middle of the Summer Moon) (July 5, 2017)

Republished: Mamoominike-giizis (Ricing Moon) (August 2, 2023)


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The Tree of Life, painting by Zhaawano giizhik


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The Tree Branch Toward Discovery

"Our spiritual path was designed way before we were born on Mother Earth; many times you'll be tested and many times you'll fail. "Spiritual Paths" or "The Tree Of Life" is a simple teaching to understand and all you need to do is to take a good look at yourself and see what you truly need. When we try to get things that our neighbours have, this is where our Spiritual Path and design gets confused and ultimately fail. This is where people get confused and create problems in their life.  When confusion sets into your life, you have the ability to choose another branch from the tree of life and follow that branch towards discovery. When you stand back and take a good look, you have so many branches to choose from."*

- Wikwemikong Anishinaabe Medicine Painter James Mishibinijima.

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Boozhoo, aaniin indinawemaaganag, gidinimikoon: Hello relatives, we greet you in a good way! 

I am Zhaawano Giizhik. Welcome to part 3 of my blog series, titled "Teachings from the Tree of Life." Today I share with you two Teachings based on the ancient Anishinaabe spiritual/philosophical principle of mino-bimaadiziwin that countless generations of ancestors handed down to us from the time they still lived in the old homeland along the Atlantic coast. The stories feature a painting by myself and - by way of tribute to my dear old friend who now lives with his ancestors -  three images of beautiful canvases done by the late Moses Amik.

The stories, the first being an Anishinaabe aadizokaan (traditional Ojibwe narrative) and the second a personal musing by my ex-partner, Ojibwe artist  Simone McLeod,  convey  valuable lessons that Aandeg (the Crow) and Gaagaagi (the Raven) teach us. Like all Tree of Life Teachings, the healing message that lies hidden in these narratives is in itself easy to understand - that is, if we choose to open up to it. The hard part, as always, is to follow it...

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Knowledge Quest, painting by Moses Amik
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The first story: how Aandeg gave purpose to life

In the beginning, when the world as we know it was still young and GICHI-MANIDOO (the Great Mystery) was infusing life into the flyers of creation, all the flyers had great purpose. Migizi and Giniw (the Eagles) were to be the People’s messenger of prayers and thanks. Gekek the Hawk too was a messenger of the People’s needs and good medicine. Maang the Loon was the teacher of love and relationships. Aandeg, however, who is much less beautiful than Apishi-gaagaagi (Magpie), was without purpose.

He had no special color, nor did he possess the powerful wings of Migizi and Giniw. So, he flew around looking for purpose like many people today are doing. Aandeg visited Makwa (Bear) and asked him to teach his ways. Makwa did and eventually Aandeg got bored and unsatisfied with Makwa. For some reason the ways of the bear didn't fit with him, so Aandeg went off and sought a new way and hopefully would find purpose. The beaver, the loon, the wolf, the coyote, the fish, all of creation he learned from, but still Aandeg gained no purpose or satisfaction with life.

Then came the day where Aandeg heard Ajidamoo (the Squirrel) crying in a hole of the oak. So, he flew to Ajidamoo and said, "Aaniin Ajidamoo, what troubles your heart today?"

Ajidamoo looking poorly said to Aandeg, "I am sad and feeling drained about my life." Aandeg advised Ajidamoo to visit Makwa for some medicine for his health and the Turtle to find his heart. So, both Aandeg and Ajidamoo went to visit the Bear and Turtle and they were both great helpers to Ajidamoo. The Turtle travels slow and is paced in all matters of life, he never misses a thing. Bear is chief of the medicine ways, and he placed great healing upon Ajidamoo. At last Squirrel felt balanced and returned to his purpose with vigor and refreshed spirit.

Aandeg flew around the bush feeling great about what had happened. Then there was another cry in the woods. Always curious about such things, Aandeg went to investigate only to find Waabooz (Rabbit) was crying in her borrow. Aandeg asked Waabooz, "Waabooz what troubles you today?"

"I wanna die” the Rabbit cried.

"What is it that has brought you to such ends?" aked Aandeg.

Waabooz was crying about Waagosh (the Fox) and how there is no peace with Waagosh around. Aandeg carefully listened to everything Waabooz said. Quietly Aandeg advised his little friend that her purpose is found in her strong legs and long ears.

"Waabooz, said Aandeg, "Surely you can listen very well and can tell when Waagosh is coming, and you can easily outrun Waagosh."

Eye', Waabooz thought to herself. I can and I will feel good about it too. "Miigwech Aandeg."

As time went on as it does, the word traveled all across the lands about the Crow who was born without purpose, so he thought, but found good purpose in helping others to either find or renew their purpose. From that day Aandeg travels throughout the land making friends with all creation by helping them find the right path.

Aandeg is our traveling companion always reminding us that work and dedication will show the way to the purpose we seek. We cannot find our purpose if we sit on the path. Crow teaches that you must meet life head-on and create good connections with those around you and work with spirit of friendship.

As Aandeg found out, you become your purpose by doing what feels good with good intention. Walk a good path and you will be guaranteed to find your life's purpose...**

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Raven Wings of Change painting by Moses Amik
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The second story: how Gaagaagi gave hope to the People

Many moons ago when times were hard for the people, the great Migizi (Eagle) had to travel far in search for answers on how to better help the First Nations Peoples. They had been forced to give up their children to these horrible monsters called Indian Residential Schools. 

These monsters were awful and consumed all who entered their mouths. Once the great mouths closed, all the ways about the children were then lost and forgotten. They no longer remembered who they were, and they could no longer see the great Eagle in the skies above. 

The Eagle never forgot them but still, being scared lonely little children, they believed that they were no longer loved and that they were forgotten by their families, their communities, and their spirit helpers. They had become The Lost Children.

It was about this time when Gaagaagi (the Raven) began to appear in the sky looking down upon the people. Once the most vain and beautiful bird, the raven would bathe in the sunlight showing off his plumage of rainbow colors. The Raven took great pride in representing all the people of the earth. There was no need for Raven to be a large bird, so he enjoyed being smaller nestled in the safety of never having to prove himself.

When the children disappeared from the communities the mothers would cry and the elders would cry. The cries were heard by the Raven and his heart grew so heavy that he had grown also. His beautiful rainbow plumage had become a pure black color. So black that when people gazed upon him, he at times appeared to be blue. 

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Above Looking Down, painting by Moses Amik

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Raven could no longer stand to see the people so unhappy so he called a meeting of other Ravens and they decided that some of them would be left behind. These are the smaller black birds we see flying around today still, but they are not as noticed as the raven. The heartbroken large Ravens began to come up with ways to give the Lost Children hope. 

Many of the lost children remembered hearing stories about the Great Eagle who used to come and hear and take the prayers of the First Nations People up to the creator. They also knew that even their prayers had become lost, replaced with praying like a society they did not know. How could they know, they were not from this society, and they could never fit in. No matter how they tried.

Now, Ravens had taken it into their own hands. They agreed that since the Great Eagles were so busy trying to hear and answer all the prayers and therefore could not reach all of the people, that they would have to bring hope to the people.

Today, being a descendant of the Lost Children, many times when I am feeling lost, I look up into the sky and I see the shadows of great birds. I see them soaring way above and for minutes, I am in awe. I feel blessed and I am full of hope and my day has been made. 

Many times though, because I am a curious woman, I wait and look until I can see, that it is not the Great Eagle who soars high above my head. It is Gaagaagi, the Raven. Strong and powerful letting me know that the Creator still hears my prayers today. That there will always be hope. All one has to do is look for a way...

Giiwenh. So go the stories about the Crow and the Raven... Miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidaadizookoon. Thank you for listening to my storytelling today. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon.

> Read part 4 in the series

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Notes:

*Excerpt from Mishmountains Blogspot, "Teachings to the Tree Of Life."

** Source: Native American Legends (An Ojibwa Legend)


Illustrations (top to bottom)
:

The Tree of Life  ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik Zhaawano Giizhik: Visit the webshop for order details 
Knowledge Quest, acrylic on canvas (2004) 
Raven Wings of Change, acrylic on canvas    
Above Looking Down, acrylic on canvas 

 


Teachings from the Tree of Life: Why the Owl Brings Healing

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Teachings from the Tree of Life, part 15: "Why the Owl Brings Healing"

Manoominike-giizis (Ricing Moon) (August 25, 2023)
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Gift of the Owl painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Finding the Tree Branch Toward Discovery

"Our spiritual path was designed way before we were born on Mother Earth; many times you'll be tested and many times you'll fail. 'Spiritual Paths' or 'The Tree Of Life' is a simple teaching to understand and all you need to do is to take a good look at yourself and see what you truly need. Everyone in life begins from the bottom of the tree and the branches of the tree represent discoveries we make in our lives. When confusion sets into our lives, we have the ability to return to the trunk and choose another branch from the tree of life and follow that branch toward discovery. When we stand back and take a good look, we have so many branches to choose from."*

- Free after Wikwemikong Anishinaabe Medicine Painter James Mishibinijima.

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Boozhoo miinawaa, biindigen! Hello again, and welcome to part 15 of my blog series titled Teachings from the Tree of Life, in which I relate a teaching that has been passed down to us by countless generations of ancestors, from the time my ancestors still lived in the old Dawn Land along the borders of the Atlantic Ocean. Central to the teaching is Gookooko'oo, or Oo'oo, the Owl,a grandfather or grandmother whose images and voices have always offered an important, multi-faceted window onto the traditional world of the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg Peoples. We will consider the positive and negative connotations that Owl holds in the human eye and conclude that it is up to us to choose a branch; in other words, ask ourselves, which side of Owl we will allow in our own life?

Today, I read somewhere on Facebook a statement by an Ojibwe person, saying that in Ojibwe culture, seeing an Owl or hearing an Owl at night is a bad omen. His silent nature and predatory behavior, she said, associates him with dying, and dreaming of an owl or hearing an owl’s hoot foreshadows a certain death.

It reminded me that this is a view that is pretty widespread across Anishinaabe Aki. Owls, the hooting and barking sounds they make at night, their ability to turn their head in an (almost) full circle, their penetrating eyes shining like yellow glass and piercing the darkness and the depths of our very soul, geget, even the dull flapping of their wings in shadowy tree branches, are enough to make our hair stand on end. Who has not listened with horror, and a sickened heart, to the accounts of these feathered harbingers of sickness, grief, and death?

Right?

Why people insist in maintaining the superstition of the "bad-omen bringing owl spirit," I do not know. Perhaps the influence of Christianity has something to do with that? (I say this because the occupiers' religion has instilled many fears in our hearts and minds, clouding our once keen vision on nature in ways that are almost beyond repair...) It is not how gete-ayaa'ag, the old ones who walked the land prior to contact with the Europeans, saw the owl!

Geget, many (post contact) accounts narrate of owls presented as evil spirits, used by Ojibwe adults as a means of making children "be good" - as a threat to keep them quiet, or close to the wiigiwaam or the camp at night. "If you go to the sugar bush at night, Gookooko'oo will come and carry you away in his ear," used to be a standard warning. (But then, didn't parents also use the Wiindigoo (Winter Spirit), the Bwaanag (Dakota), and the Wemitigoozhiwag (Frenchmen) to frighten their children with?)

But all in all, our ancestors, despite their seemingly ambivalent nature, saw owls in a different, much less negative light than most of us see him today.

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Mishi-gookooko'ooh Omiigiwewin ("Gift of the Great Horned Owl") detail of panting

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Gimishoomisinaan/Gookomisinaan Gookooko'oo, our Grandfather/Grandmother the Owl, offers a window onto the old, old Anishinaabe world in terms of cyclic and cosmic relationships. To the gete-ayaa'ag, Kookooko'oo and the magic sounds they make at night, have always presented a double mirror with light and life on one side, and darkness and death on the other.

To them, Grandfather/Grandmother Owl, whom they associated with giizhig (sky) aki (earth), and nibi (the water) as well as with their respective underworlds, displayed contrasting spiritual powers that were nonetheless closely interrelated. Gookooko'oo symbolized and mediated between light and dark, the natural and the supernatural, and, ultimately between life and death. Despite (or rather, because) of their mesmerizing eyes and sinister, eerie-sounding calls at night, Owls were regarded as helpers, or guides, along the path of Souls toward the Setting Sun, providing for a safe passage of the ancestors who had passed to the spirit world, loaning them their eyes so they could see where they walked; as such they were looked upon as protectors of the dead. But at the same time, they stood for mental therapy and wholeness of those who still live their lives on earth. The sounds of Owl's voice and the gaze of its eyes, as they could penetrate even the darkest places, represented light, insight and innervision, and healing. Several stories tell of owls providing kindness or even shelter to neglected and abused children. Also, they were seen as guides of the four directions and the south wind, and their presence and the sound of their loud hoots at the rapids in springtime (which seem to be competitive with, and even blend into, the loud roaring of the water they sit close by) heralded the end of winter and the beginning of the growing season, and along with it, regeneration, and new life. Owls circling during the day, to our ancestors, were not necessarily an omen of bad news or bad luck, but often a symbol of protection and new life (and long lives) instead.

So, the way I see it, just like the seeds in the rattles of our Midewiwin healers that, when shaken, acoustically ward off evil spirits, the Gookooko'oog showing themselves to us and whose call we hear at night dispel any evil that malicious spirits (or ill-willing people!) may project on us. Like the sound of the rattle, the presence and the voice of Gookooko'oo and its eyes that seem to penetrate us do not necessarily herald misfortune and sickness or even death: it scares it off instead. It keeps the bad spirits at bay. 

Gookooko'oo in short, brings us good medicine. (S)he is a spirit that we must not fear, but one whom we, especially in the darkest of our nights, must listen to, intently, with trust, and with an open mind. Gookooko'oo is a fortune teller and a benign mentor and therapist sent to us from the spirit world. Gookooko'oo's call in the dead of night means we are safe from harm and ready to walk toward the light of dawn.

When Gookooko'oo calls, we know we are ready to walk the healing path.

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A list of owl species known to the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg (note that the names vary according to regional dialects):


Beshkwe, plural beshkweg - scar-head owl

Binewi-gookooko'oo, plural binewi-gookooko'oog - partridge-eating owl

Boodawidoombe, plural boodawidoombeg - northern hawk owl, barn owl

Gaakaabisheh, plural gaakaabishehyag - screech owl, ominous news bringing owl

Gaakaabishiinh, plural gaakaabishiinhyag - burrowing owl (shoco), ground owl, screech owl, deaf owl

Gaakaabishii, plural gaakaabishiig - small owl (Northwestern Ontario dialect)

Gookooko'oo, plural gookooko'og - owl, barred owl

Gookooko'ooh, plural gookooko'oohyag - horned owl

Mawinaans, plural mawinaansag - screech owl (Odaawaa/Southeastern Ojibwe dialects)

Niningi-bine, plural niningi-binewag - large horned owl

Niningibin'wenh, plural niningibin'wenhyag - screech owl (Odaawaa/Southeastern Ojibwe dialects)

Oo'oo, plural oo'oog - owl

Oo'oomish, plural oo'oomishiig - great horned owl

Oo'oomis, plural oo'oomisiig - great horned owl

Otawage-gookooko'oo, plural otawage-gookooko'oog - great horned owl (Minnesota dialect)

Waagibin'wenh, plural waagibin'wenhyag - screech owl (Odaawaa/Southeastern Ojibwe dialects)

Waabi-gookoko'oo, plural waabi-gookoko'oog - white owl, snowy owl (Minnesota dialect)

Wawenjiganoo, plural wawenjiganoog - large horned owl (Manitoulin Island dialect)

Wenda-gookooko'oo, plural wenda-gookooko'oog - great horned owl (Minnesota dialect)

Wenjiganoozhiinh, plural wenda-gookooko'ooyag - gray owl, great horned owl

Wewenjiganoo, plural wewenjiganoog - gray screech owl, horned owl, long-eared owl

Wewenjiganooh, plural wewenjiganoohyag - hoot owl (Wisconsin, Lower Michigan dialects)

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*Excerpt from Mishmountains Blogspot, "Teachings to the Tree Of Life."

Illustration: Mishi-gookooko'ooh Omiigiwewin ("Gift of the Great Horned Owl") ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik 

Visit the webshop to view details of the painting.


Zhaawano Giizhik at Agawa Rock


About the author/artist and his inspiration

Zhaawano Giizhik , an American currently living in the Netherlands, was born in 1959 in North Carolina, USA. Zhaawano has Anishinaabe blood running through his veins; the doodem of his ancestors from Baawitigong (Sault Ste. Marie, Upper Michigan) is Waabizheshi, Marten. As an artist and a writer and a jewelry designer Zhaawano draws on the oral and pictorial traditions of his ancestors. For this he calls on his manidoo-minjimandamowin, or 'Spirit Memory'; which means he tries to remember the knowledge and the lessons of his ancestors. In doing so he sometimes works together with kindred artists.

To Zhaawano's ancestors the MAZINAAJIMOWIN or ‘pictorial spirit writings’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos that they felt they were an integral part of. 

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the lake's coastlines where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet.

The way Zhaawano understands it, it is in these sacred places invisible to the ordinary, waking eye that his design and storyteller's inspiration originate from.

 


Article 1

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Teachings from the Tree of Life, part 2: "The Hawk and the Owls: A Vision of Healing"

Originally published: Onaabani-giizis (Crusty Snow Moon; March 31, 2017)

Republished: Manoominike-giizis (Ricing Moon) (August 26, 2023)


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The Dream Visitors pastel painting by Zhaawano Giizhik


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The Tree of Life and how to Find the Branch Toward Self-discovery

"Our spiritual path was designed way before we were born on Mother Earth; many times you'll be tested and many times you'll fail. "Spiritual Paths" or "The Tree Of Life" is a simple teaching to understand and all you need to do is to take a good look at yourself and see what you truly need. When we try to get things that our neighbors have, this is where our Spiritual Path and design gets confused and ultimately fail. This is where people get confused and create problems in their life.  When confusion sets into your life, you have the ability to choose another branch from the tree of life and follow that branch toward discovery. When you stand back and take a good look, you have so many branches to choose from....During our life here on earth we must, again and again, return to the tree trunk and choose another branch to follow. We must continue doing that until we get to the top of the tree. Once there, when we become grandparents, we must share the lessons and teachings learned - and share them to others around us. Eventually, we will become a teacher ourselves..."*

- (Slightly adapted) quotes by Wikwemikong Anishinaabe Medicine Painter James Mishibinijima.

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Boozhoo, aaniin!

Welcome to part 2 of my blog series titled Teachings from the Tree of Life, in which I connect the storytelling art of myself and kindred artists with an old Teaching based on the ancient Anishinaabe spiritual/philosophical principle of mino-bimaadiziwin that countless generations of ancestors handed down to us from the time they still lived in the old homeland along the Atlantic coast. The story that I tell today features artwork by the late Miskwaabik Animikii, the Father of the Native Woodland Art and myself.

Today's Teaching focuses on a lesson inspired by a vision that a friend of mine, whose family is originally from Gete-gitigaaning (Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation), recently shared with me. Like all Tree of Life Teachings, the healing message that lies hidden in my friend's vision is in itself easy to understand - that is, if we choose to open up to it. The hard part, however, is to follow it...

Last night, in the early morning around 3 am a good and trusted friend (I call her Misaabe) woke up as she heard her grandchild cry! She went in his room, held him, and rocked him. Then laid him back down and as she was walking away she heard wings. My friend looked outside and there, in the tree in the front of her house, was a hawk sitting on a branch flanked by two owls. (It was the same hawk that my friend had seen many times in her dreams and she has always associated me with it.) The owls were looking right at her; as she said to them "talk to me," she heard many different languages that she could not understand. My friend told me about this vision and asked me what I make of it.

Owl acrylic by Norval Morrisseau

The following is about healing from having been treated badly by someone of our People who is damaged and needs healing herself. What my friend saw last night makes visible what i saw in my head and felt in my heart earlier on tonight. This is about healing from the way some of our loved ones, who belong to our own People, treat us. There is a very strong healing message in what my friend saw last night. This is how I see it.

I have heard that Gekek, the hawk and Gookooko'oo the owl both offer a window onto the old, old Ojibwe Anishinaabe world in terms of cyclic and cosmic relationships. To our ancestors, Gekek with his sharp vision was an epitome of the virtues of deliberation and foresight. Gookooko'oo, the owl, and the magic sounds (s)he makes at night, have always presented a double mirror to us. Owl displays the forces of both life and death. As a being who mediates between the domains of giizhig (sky), aki (earth) and nibi (the water) and their respective underworlds, (s)he symbolizes light and dark, the natural and the supernatural. (S)he stands for mental therapy and wholeness. (S)he heralds spring season and along with it, regeneration and new life. 

So the way I see it, just like the seeds in the rattle of the Midewiwin healer that, when shaken, acoustically ward off evil spirits, the two Gookooko'oog that my friend saw dispel the evil spirit that others project on my friend and me. Like the sound of the rattle, the presence and the voice of Gookooko'oo dispel sickness and the evil spirits that cause mental suffering. My friend's family members, what they did and still are doing to her. What someone, someone of our People whom I loved and trusted and whom I thought was my soulmate for life did and still tries to do to me. The hawk, my friend and I both know what his role is; Gekek has visited her repeatedly in her dreams and we know that he is a messenger from the spirit world who relates stories and messages to us about past lives and our role and position in our present lives here on aki. The owls flanking Gekek the hawk, they bring insight and healing.

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The Dream Visitors, detail of pastel panting by Zhaawano Giizhik
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Tonight, minutes before my friend related to me her vision of the hawk and the owls, I happened to see very clearly the manipulative game the person who for the past seven years was, or pretended to be, my friend and life partner has been playing, and is still playing, with me. The owls that appeared in my friend's vision show me the contradictions in this person's nature and behavior - which, I have no doubt, are caused by the traumas the Europeans and their "educative" system inflicted on many generations of our People. At the same time, the owls bring us clarity and, in the long run, healing. I see it clearly now: the person who betrayed me meant the world to me for seven years; I still care for her and I know it will take me another 7 years to get over the loss of this once so beautiful friendship. 

It is going to be a slow process. I know now I must not rush it. The owls my good friend saw on the tree branch and who spoke to her in a strange language (I figure it must have been a forgotten language that our ancestors' ancestors spoke): they try to tell us something. The message is this: it is of no use to try to heal the wounds that others, the damaged ones, have caused us, and the hurt and pain they inflict on us, in a speedy way. It doesn't work that way. We will have to mourn and mend our wounds in our own pace. The damage caused by the breakdown of the intimate relationship we used to have with the wrongdoer is internal and goes deep; it goes to the heart of who we are. We will have to find back our worth for ourselves, within ourselves and focus on filling our own void and replacing our anger without hanging on to a past friendship that proved to be an illusion anyway. We must ban anger from our hearts, and replace it for positive values like self-respect, compassion, and generosity. We must learn to listen to the wounded person inside us. We must find the root of the plant of negativity and evil that the other person planted in us, and only when we find it and recognize and understand someone else planted it there and it doesn't belong in the soil of our soul, the suffering will lessen. 

This is the hardest part and cannot be done overnight. We must, metaphorically speaking, return to the tree trunk and choose another branch to follow. The hawk will fly again but the owls tell her to take time to heal. 

Giiwenh. This is how i interpret the vision that my friend had last night. Her ancestors spoke to her, trough the owls.

Miigwech gibizindaw noongom mii dash gidaadizookoon. Thank you for listening to my story today. Giga-waabamin wayiiba, I hope to see you again soon.

*Excerpt from Mishmountains Blogspot, "Teachings to the Tree Of Life."

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Illustrations: 

Bawaaganag ("The Dream Visitors"). Pastel panting by Zhaawano Giizhik © 2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to see order details of the painting.

"Owl", 14"x11", 1960s Acrylic by Miskwaabik Animikii (Private Collection)

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Zhaawano Giizhik at Agawa Rock


About the author/artist and his inspiration

Zhaawano Giizhik , an American currently living in the Netherlands, was born in 1959 in North Carolina, USA. Zhaawano has Anishinaabe blood running through his veins; the doodem of his ancestors from Baawitigong (Sault Ste. Marie, Upper Michigan) is Waabizheshi, Marten. As an artist and a writer and a jewelry designer Zhaawano draws on the oral and pictorial traditions of his ancestors. For this he calls on his manidoo-minjimandamowin, or 'Spirit Memory'; which means he tries to remember the knowledge and the lessons of his ancestors. In doing so he sometimes works together with kindred artists.

To Zhaawano's ancestors the MAZINAAJIMOWIN or ‘pictorial spirit writings’ - which are rich with symbolism and have been painted throughout history on rocks and etched on other sacred items such as copper and slate, birch bark and animal hide - were a form of spiritual as well as educational communication that gave structure and meaning to the cosmos that they felt they were an integral part of. 

Many of these sacred pictographs or petroforms – some of which are many, many  generations old - hide in sacred locations where the manidoog (spirits) reside, particularly in those mystic places near the lake's coastlines where the sky, the earth, the water, the underground and the underwater meet.

The way Zhaawano understands it, it is in these sacred places invisible to the ordinary, waking eye that his design and storyteller's inspiration originate from.

Star Stories, part 33: When Waakwi Aki Dances Backward in the Sky

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"When Waakwi Aki Dances Backward in the Sky"


Manoominike-giizis (Ricing Moon) (August 28, 2023)

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Dancing with Misaabe painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Boozhoo, aaniin!


Welcome to part 33 of a blog series titled "Star Stories," in which I connect my and kindred artists' storytelling art – in the form of rings, jewelry, and graphic art– with anang akiiwan(the star world) as perceived by our Peoples who since time immemorial inhabit the northern regions of Turtle Island – nowadays called Canada and the United States.


Today's post tells the story of the retrograde motion of the planet that most people in the Western world know by its Latin name, Uranus. The name that our People, the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg of Turtle Island's Great Lakes area gave to this planet is Waakwi Aki.
Waakwiing, "In the Land of the Deceased," is the realm beyond the giizhig (sky vault). "Waakwi Aki" is our name for Uranus (planet 7) as well as for the star that the Arabs named Alnilam. Waakwi, the Land of the Deceased, has been associated by Anishinaabeg Peoples with a far-away place where all life began. Some call this land Gaagige-minawaanigoziwining: "The Land of Everlasting Happiness."

The Waakwi retrograde cycle happens every year for about five moons. This year, Waakwi is retrograde from today to Saturday, Jan. 27, 2024 through a zodiac sign called Taurus by Western astrologists and Misaabe ("The Giant") by our People. Misaabe is a star constellation of the zodiac, which means the sun, moon and planets travel through it regularly.

On a terrestrial level, Misaabe (also called Gichi-misaabe) is a giant from the forest who teaches the us to be honest with ourselves. The Misaabe embodies the virtue of Gwayakwaadiziwin, meaning Honesty or Righteousness, which is the fifth of the Grandfather Teachings of the Ojibwe Anishinaabeg Peoples. Our ancestors looked at the giant named Gichi-misaabe for the one who models this Teaching. Gichi-misaabe, a friendly, four-legged giant from the forests who, when he is among humans, walks on two legs, reminds us to be honest to the Great Mystery of Life and to ourselves and not to be someone we are not. An honest person is said to walk tall like him...Misaabe is also often visualized in the night sky as
Gaa-biboonikaan, the Winter Bringer constellation (Orion).

So, from today, Monday August 28, Waakwi Aki (Planet Uranus) will be in a period of retrograde motion while in the Misaabe constellation — meaning it appears to go backward in the sky. How dies this happen? Mother Earth orbits Father Sun much faster than the outer planets, so she occasionally overtakes them. These planets then appear to be moving backward for a while. Since Waakwi Aki takes 84 years to orbit Grandfather Sun, its “backward” phase appears to last for about 5 moons.

Ma’iingan Miikana is an Ojibwe term used to describe the phenomenon of the retrograde motion of planets. Retrograde, in this context, means that a planet appears to go backward in its orbit, as viewed from Earth.

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Dancing with Misaabe detail
Waakwi Aki ("Uranus") travels through the Gichi-misaabe star constellation (a giant depicted with outstretched arms), as it follows a retrograde trail, depicted here as a Sky Wolf hunting a moose.  
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To our ancestors, seasonal changes on earth corresponded with the movement of stellar constellations, which, in turn, were reflected in their storytelling and ceremonies. They observed a circular movement of the sky throughout the year; this phenomenon they called
Gizhibaa Giizhig ("the Revolving Sky"). Gizhibaa ("circle") referred to a circular, east-to-west movement of the sun, moon, stars and seasons in Waawiyekamig, the "round lodge"– the Universe/cosmos. It was also observed that a few times a year certain akiwag (planets) – such as Waakwi Aki (Uranus), Waaseyasiged Azhebaashkaabizod Aki (Venus) and Oshkaabewis (Mercury) – traveled retrograde (westward in relation to the stars). This phenomenon was called Ma'iingan Giizhig Miikana, the Wolf Sky Trail. Why the Wolf Trail? As keen observers of nature, the ancestors noticed that, although ma'iinganag (wolves) usually travel in packs, sometimes a lone wolf rebelliously sets off in a different direction for a while to hunt for moozoog (moose) before eventually rejoining the pack. This is why they saw Ma’iingan’s presence on earth mirrored in the night sky as Azhe'ose: a moose-hunting Contrary walking the backward path as it is disobeying the rules of the other Sky Beings. This phenomen, of aadawaa'amoog ogimaag azhe'osewag (planets seemingly traveling the opposite path), is also known as Ode' Miikana: "Pathway of the Heart."

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Anishinaabe Sky Dancer painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

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Waakwi Aki is one of the outer akiwag (planets), along with Gichigami Aki (Planet of the Great Sea; called Neptune by Western astronomers) and Awasinake Aki (Planet Beyond; called Pluto in Western astronomy). Its following the Wolf trail in the sky affects all of us here on earth. Waakwi Aki spends seven years in each sign. Currently, it's in the zodiac sign of Misaabe, turning our attention to the virtue of being honest with ourselves and the importance of self-care.

It is believed that when Waakwi Aki follows the Wolf Trail through the Misaabe, its energy is particularly potent, in a sense that its forces are slowed - which in itself can be more powerful than going (too) fast. When this happens, the areas of our lives that the planet's energy affects may feel a little backward. This will enable us to make changes at a slower pace, which can be a healthy thing to do in these fast times in which we easily get lost. Going backward instead of forward requires self-reflection and different ways of doing things. Speaking of self-care!

When the planets follow the Moose-hunting Wolf Trail by moving backward they tell us to wake up to a new reality,
to embrace our unique qualities, and release anything that may no longer be supportive in our lives...So, let us walk with the Giant Misaabe and run with the Wolf and dance backward with Waakwi Aki, all the way toward the far-away place where all life began and where healing is to be found...

Illustrations, from top to bottom:
Anishinaabe Bear Healer Dancing with Misaabe©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik. Visit the webshop to order a print of the painting.
Anishinaabe Bear Healer Dancing with Misaabe - detail ©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik
Anishinaabe Sky Dancer©2023 Zhaawano Giizhik.
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